With the acceleration of domestic urban development and the construction of urban rail transit, the land and commercial value at the entrances and exits of urban rail transit will also soar. Therefore, in the near future, a large number of urban complexes based on the impact of underground rail transit will appear in Chinese cities.

This book uses ten chapters to analyze the case studies of earlier cities in the development of domestic underground rail transit. From the perspective of urban complex building streamline design, it finds typical design methods and existing problems in actual operation and gets some design experience, and proposes corresponding solutions to emerging problems. It will provide corresponding basic data for the streamline design of urban complex projects under the influence of urban rail transit in the construction of more domestic cities in the later period.

前言

随着国内城市发展进程的加速与城市轨道交通的建设，在城市轨道交通出入口的用地与商业价值也会急速飙升。因此，在不久的将来我国城市中将会出现大量的基于地下轨道交通影响的城市综合体。

本书通过十章内容对国内地下轨道交通发展较早城市案例研究分析，从城市综合体建筑流线设计的角度出发，发现具有典型性的设计方法与实际运营中的存在的问题，总结出一定的设计经验，并对突现的问题提出相应的解决方案。为后期国内更多城市建设中基于城市轨道交通影响下的城市综合体项目的流线设计提供相应的基础资料。

For a construction project, its entire life cycle includes the decision-making phase, the implementation phase and the use phase. The content of the implementation phase mainly includes design and construction. It is the key to the success of a construction project. When a design drawing is put into construction, it determines the nature and cost of the construction project. However, with the development of productivity and technological progress, while satisfying people's living needs, buildings have been given the characteristics of the times. In order to meet the needs of modernization of buildings, the design tasks of construction projects are more onerous and complicated. Therefore, in order to better complete the design tasks of construction engineering projects, it is necessary to take efficient planning, organization, guidance and control, so as to achieve effective management of design work and ensure the realization of design project goals.

Project cost management is a technical, professional, and highly policy-oriented job that runs through the entire process of project investment decision-making, design, bidding, construction to final accounts and post-evaluation. Therefore, the key to effectively controlling the cost of a project is not only to strengthen the control of the cost of a certain stage, but alsoto control and manage the cost of the entire process of the construction project. The core of the whole process cost management is the reasonable determination and effective control of the cost. The purpose of controlling the project cost is not only to control the project investment not exceeding the approved cost limit, but also to have a more positive meaning in the rational use of human, material and financial resources, and to obtain greater investment benefit.

Therefore, the book is divided into eight chapters to elaborate and analyze the design and construction of construction and engineering cost, hoping to help relevant staff to carry out the project.

前言 

对于一个建筑工程项目而言，其全生命周期包括决策阶段、实施阶段和使用阶段，而实施阶段的内容主要包括设计和施工，设计在项目的实施阶段中处于主导地位，是后期施工的依据，是建筑工程项目能否成功的关键。当一份设计图纸付诸于施工时，就决定了建筑工程项目的本质与造价。然而，随着生产力的发展与技术的进步，在满足人们居住需求的同时，建筑物被赋予了时代的特色，为满足建筑的现代化需求，建筑工程项目的设计任务更加繁重、复杂。因此，为更好地完成建筑工程项目的设计任务，需要采取高效率的计划、组织、指导和控制，从而实现设计工作的有效管理，以保证设计项目目标的实现。

工程造价管理是一项技术性、专业性、政策性很强的工作，贯穿于项目投资决策、设计、招投标、施工到竣工决算及后评价的全过程。所以，有效地控制工程造价的关键，不仅是在某一个阶段的造价上加强管控，而是要对建设工程项目的全部过程进行造价控制和管理。全过程造价管理的核心是造价的合理确定与有效控制，控制工程造价的目的不仅在于控制项目投资不超过批准的造价限额，更积极意义在于合理使用人力、物力、财力，以及取得更大的投资效益。

因此，本书分八章内容对建筑设计施工与工程造价进行详细的阐述与分析，希望有助于相关工作人员的项目开展。

The development of infrastructure has great significance to the social state, and the construction industry is exactly the same. The development of the construction industry can effectively stimulate the development of the regional economy and provide more and more abundant space for human activities. The control of building construction quality is related to the safety of people's lives and property. It can not only affect the normal activities of human beings, but also be closely related to the security of national defense.

In summary, it is of great practical significance to attach great importance to the quality level of buildings and improve quality control and management methods. At present, domestic quality control methods or means are mainly targeted at the construction stage. Various factors during the construction stage will directly affect the quality of the building, which is the key to quality control. Therefore, this book focuses on quality control during the construction phase.

For a long time, due to the varying levels of competence of building construction practitioners, some managers have failed to take construction quality control as the focus of enterprise management, and quality-center awareness and quality are relatively weak. At the same time, with the continuous development and change of construction engineering projects, the diversification of building types, and the complication of construction technology, the problems of construction management in construction companies continue to be exposed. For example, the construction quality management system is not complete, the staff is low and the quality is low, the construction operations are not standardized, the technical documentation and other documents cannot be properly implemented, the process acceptance and problem analysis personnel are lacking, and the building materials are not in place.

These problems have seriously reduced the construction efficiency, increased the probability of construction accidents, hindered the normal progress of the project, and damaged the corporate image. Therefore, the key to the level of house construction quality lies in the use of the content and methods of quality control during the construction process. Based on this, this book has studied the main content and methods of quality control in the construction process from the eight chapters, verified the practical significance of quality control, and also provided a strong practical basis for other engineering applications and theoretical research.

前言

基础设施的发展对社会国家具有重要意义，建筑行业正是如此。建筑业的发展能够有效刺激区域经济的发展，为人类活动提供更多更丰富的活动空间。房屋建筑质量的控制关乎人民生命财产安全，它不仅能够影响人类的正常活动，甚至与国防安全息息相关。

综上，高度重视建筑质量水平，改善质量控制与管理方法，具有重要的现实意义。目前国内质量控制的手段或方法主要针对施工阶段，施工阶段的各种因素会直接影响建筑质量的优劣，是质量控制的关键所在。因此，本书重点研究施工阶段质量控制。

长期以来，由于建筑施工从业人员能力水平良莠不齐，有些管理者未能将施工质量控制作为企业管理的重点，以质量为中心的质量意识和质量素质比较薄弱。同时伴随着建筑工程项目的不断发展和变化、建筑类型的多样化、施工工艺复杂化，施工企业在建筑管理上的问题不断暴露。例如，施工质量管理制度不健全，人员少且素质低，施工操作不规范，技术交底等文件不能正确执行，质量验收及问题分析等过程责任人缺少，建筑材料把关不到位等。

这些问题严重降低了施工效率，增加了建筑事故的发生概率，也阻碍了项目的正常推进，损害了企业形象。因此，房屋施工质量的水平高低的关键在于施工过程对质量控制的内容及方法的运用。基于此，本书从八章内容研究了建筑工程在施工过程中质量控制的主要内容及方法，验证了质量控制的实际意义，也为其他工程应用及理论研究提供了有力的实践基础。

When there is any accident or emergency, how to use the on-site materials to temporarily properly, perform preliminary rescue, care for the injured and sick according to the principles of medical care before the medical staff arrives, and then rush to the hospital is the overarching issue which health care practitioners need to consider when facing emergencies and acute illnesses It is also the original intention of this book.

This book consists of 11 chapters. It contains basic theoretical knowledge such as introduction, first aid, and nursing, as well as pre-hospital emergency, cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, shock, traumatic rescue, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, physio-chemical, the clinical emergency knowledge and nursing skills of specific acute illness and emergency, such as the emergency treatment of emergency patients, common acute critical care, and common acute critical care.The book is a combination of theory and practice and it is a reference book which is suitable for practical first aid and nursing.

前言

当有任何意外或急病发生时，如何在医护人员到达前，按医学护理的原则，利用现场适用物资临时且适当地为伤病者进行的初步救援及护理，然后从速送往医院，是我们事发现场医护从业人员在面临突发状况与急症疾病时所需考虑的首要问题，也是本书创作的初衷所在。

本书共11章，书中既有绪论、急救基础、护理基础等基础理论知识，又有如院前急救、心搏骤停与心肺脑复苏、休克、创伤救护、多器官功能障碍综合征、理化因素急症病人的救护处理、常见急危重症救护、常见急危重症救护等具体急病急症的临床急救知识与护理技能，是一本理论与实际相结合，且贴合实际应用的急救与护理方面的工具书。

The environment is a space for human survival, and good ecological indicators need to be maintained in order to meet human survival and development. Through good and scientific environmental monitoring, we can timely grasp the trends of pollution around us, and through feasibility analysis, we can form pollution prevention plans to avoid environmental degradation and endanger human survival and development. Environmental monitoring is an important part of environmental protection. The environment is evaluated and analyzed, and objective scientific basis is provided according to the quality status to ensure that the environment meets the needs of survival. In the process of environmental monitoring, it is necessary to comprehensively ensure that all types of data are representative, accurate, precise, comparable, and complete. Only good data can accurately measure the environment. Rational use of scientific environmental restoration technology can create a better environment for humankind.

This book will discuss environmental monitoring technology, air environment monitoring, water quality environment monitoring, environmental noise monitoring, environmental biological monitoring, solid waste monitoring, environmental remediation methods, and the repair of different environmental problems.

前言

环境是人类生存的空间，需要保持良好的生态指标，才能满足人类生存与发展。通过良好科学的环境监测，能够及时掌握好身边污染动向，并通过可行性分析，形成预防污染预案，避免环境出现恶化，危害人类生存与发展，环境监测是环境保护工作重要内容，通过监测全面对环境进行评价分析，根据质量状况提供客观科学依据，确保环境符合生存需要。进行环境监测过程中，需要全面确保各类数据具备代表性、准确性、精密性、可比性和完整性，只有良好的数据，才能够精准衡量环境。并合理地运用科学的环境修复技术为人类制造更加美好的环境空间。

       本书将对环境监测技术、空气环境监测、水质环境监测、环境噪声监测、环境生物监测、固体废弃物的监测、环境修复方法、不同环境问题的修复等方面进行论述。