The main content of this book is to enable the readers to master the professional knowledge required for their professional posts, have the professional ability to apply knowledge to solve problems, and have the relevant professional ability quality. At the same time of teaching professional subject knowledge, it can guide the reader to complete the learning task, so as to realize the mastery of professional subject knowledge, train the reader to have the preliminary design ability of building water supply and drainage engineering, be able to read the design description of water supply and drainage construction drawing, and be able to read and draw the construction drawing of water supply and drainage engineering.
    In the process of compiling the book, we have updated the learning content through the development project, added training materials, and constructed a new book system, fully reflecting its advanced nature, innovation and applicability, reflecting the latest technology and research results at home and abroad, and highlighting the characteristics of readers’ self-learning. Through the study of this book, readers can master the basic knowledge of building water supply and drainage engineering, and have a certain ability of building water supply and drainage engineering design and construction.
    Due to the limited level of editors, there are inevitably mistakes and shortcomings in the book. We sincerely hope that experts, scholars and readers can criticize and correct them.

前 言

本书的主要内容使读者掌握从事职业岗位所需的专业知识，具备应用知识解决问题的专业能力，以及具备相关的职业能力素质。在讲授专业学科知识的同时，指导读者完成学习型工作任务，以实现读者对专业学科知识的掌握，培养读者具备初步的建筑给水排水工程设计能力，能够读懂给水排水施工图设计说明，并能识读和绘制给水排水工程施工图。
        本书编写过程中，通过开发项目，更新学习内容，增加实训资料，构建了新的书籍体系。充分体现了其先进性、创新性、适用性，反映了国内外最新技术和研究成果，突出读者自学的特点。通过对本书的学习，可使读者掌握建筑给排水工程的基本知识，并具有一定的建筑给排水工程设计、施工的能力。
        编者水平有限，书中难免有错误和不足之处，诚恳地希望专家、学者及广大读者批评指正。

The construction management of construction project is of great significance to the quality and cost of construction project. At the same time, “construction management of construction project” is an important course of civil engineering and engineering management. Its main task is to study the general rules of organization and management of engineering project and unit project in the construction process. It is a practical, comprehensive and
professional course involving a wide range of knowledge.
    The feature of this textbook is to integrate the construction methods of roads, bridges and pipelines in municipal engineering scientifically and reasonably, so as to make them more systematic, taking the municipal engineering construction as the object and following the principle of “highlighting the key points, focusing on practicality and avoiding repetition”. In the compilation of this book, attention shall be paid to the connection with the basic theories and knowledge of relevant disciplines, the application of new technologies, materials, processes and standards in production, and the cultivation of the ability to solve engineering practice problems shall be highlighted, so as to achieve a clear hierarchy, clear organization and reasonable structure.
    The compilation of the series focuses on the combination of theory and practice, which has the characteristics of wide content, novel style, convenient access and strong operability. In the process of compilation, the series has referred to or quoted the data of relevant departments, units and individuals, referred to a number of works of the same industry in China, and received strong support and help from relevant departments and engineering consulting units. The author would like to express his heartfelt thanks. Limited to the author’s professional level and practical experience, although it has been carefully examined and certified, there are still omissions or irregularities in the series. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

建筑工程施工管理对施工项目质量、成本等多个环节都具有非常重要的意义，同时“建筑工程施工管理”是土建类专业和工程管理类专业的一门重要课程，其主要任务是研究工程项目、单位工程在施工过程中进行组织与管理的一般规律，它是一门实践性和综合性强、涉及知识面广的专业课程。
       本教材的特色是以市政工程建设为对象，本着“突出重点、注重实用、避免重复”的原则，对市政工程中道路、桥梁和管道工程施工方法进行科学合理的整合，使其更加具有系统性。本书在编写时，注意与相关学科基本理论和知识的联系，注意反映新技术、新材料、新工艺、新标准在生产中的运用，注意突出对解决工程实践问题的能力培养，力求做到层次分明、条理清晰、结构合理。
       丛书的编写注重理论与实践相结合，具有内容广泛、体例新颖、方便查阅、可操作性强等特点。丛书在编写过程中，参考或引用了有关部门、单位和个人的资料，参阅了国内同行多部著作，得到了相关部门及工程咨询单位的大力支持与帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。限于编者的专业水平和实践经验，虽经认真推敲核证，丛书中仍难免有疏漏或不妥之处，恳请广大读者指正。

The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation, which breeds the splendid Chinese civilization, but it is also a complex and difficult river to control. With the passage of time, there are various new problems in the management of the Yellow River, and the water volume is decreasing year by year. Similarly, with the economic
development, the development around the Yellow River and the establishment of various factories have seriously polluted the water resources of the Yellow River. The existence of these problems has seriously affected the water quality of the Yellow River. Therefore, we should reasonably plan and protect the mother river, and establish a separate protection agency for supervision and management. This book mainly describes the situation of the Yellow River Basin in recent years, and studies the water resource management and protection of the Yellow River. It is hoped that this book can bring readers reference opinions and play a role in relieving the pressure of the Yellow River.
    Water is the source of life, the key of production and the base of ecology. With the economic development and social progress, water has gradually developed from the lifeblood of agriculture to the lifeblood of the whole national economic construction and ecological construction, profoundly affecting all aspects of economic and social life directly related to national economic security, food security, ecological security, social stability and sustainable development.
    The Yellow River has less water and more sand, and the relationship between water and sediment is not harmonious. The rapid development of economy and society and the benign maintenance of ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin and the areas beyond its lower reaches all put forward higher requirements for water resources. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the Yellow River area is increasingly prominent, and the competition for water is increasingly fierce. On the one hand, the severe water shortage situation has led to a large number of industrial projects in some regions being unable to be approved due to water shortage, and nearly 10 million mu (1 mu = 1 / 15 Hm2, the same later) of farmland in the basin cannot be irrigated, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of economy and society. On the other hand, many areas do not pay attention to the endowment conditions of water resources, and use water resources excessively to occupy a large amount of water in the ecological environment, which leads to the deterioration of the relationship between river ecological environment and water and sediment. At the same time, many kinds of contradictions are complex, which makes the task of water resource management and regulation of the Yellow River very difficult. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out in-depth research on many problems existing in the utilization and protection of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, and put forward reasonable allocation, protection and management schemes according to the characteristics of water resources in the Yellow River Basin.

前 言

黄河是中华民族的母亲河，它孕育了光辉灿烂的华夏文明，但是黄河也是一条复杂难治的河流。伴随着时间的流逝，黄河在治理方面出现了各种各样的新问题，水量在逐年下降；同样随着经济的发展，黄河周边进行开发，各种工厂建立，严重污染黄河水资源。这些问题的存在严重影响到了黄河水质，因此，我们应合理规划与保护母亲河，建立单独的保护机构进行监督与管理。本书主要讲述了黄河流域近年来的流域情况，针对黄河水资源管理与保护进行研究。希望这本书可以为读者带来参考意见，为缓解黄河的压力起到作用。

        水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基。随着经济发展和社会进步，水已逐步从农业的命脉发展成为整个国民经济建设与生态建设的命脉，深刻影响着经济社会生活的各个方面直接关系到国家经济安全、粮食安全、生态安全、社会稳定和可持续发展。

       黄河水少沙多，水沙关系不协调，黄河流域及其下游流域外黄河地区经济社会的迅速发展和生态环境的良性维持均对水资源提出了较高要求，黄河流城水资源供需矛盾日益突出，用水竞争日益激烈。一方面，严峻的缺水形势导致部分地区大量工业项目由于缺水而无法立项，并导致流域内近 1000 万亩（1 亩=1/15 hm2，后同）农田无法灌溉，严重制约经济社会的可持续发展；另一方面，很多地区又不顾水资源的禀赋条件，竭泽而渔，过度利用水资源，大量挤占生态环境水量，导致河流生态环境和水沙关系不断恶化；同时，多种矛盾错综复杂，使黄河水资源管理与调度的任务十分艰巨。因此，亟须针对黄河流域水资源利用与保护中存在的诸多问题进行深人研究，针对黄河水资源特点，提出合理的配置和保护管理方案。

Since the industrial revolution, especially since the 1950s, with the rapid increase ofpopulation, the continuous improvement of living standards and the progress of human society, the intensity and depth of human exploitation and plunder of environmental resources have also been increasing. At the same time, a large number of wastes (waste water, wastes, waste gas and noise) have been discharged into the environment, causing unprecedented damage and interference to the ecological environment. As a result, a variety of pollution problems, natural disasters and ecological damage have emerged. At the same time, the polluted environment and unbalanced ecology in turn bring inconvenience and harm to human production and life, even disaster. Therefore, the environmental problems have aroused the widespread concern of the international community. The environmental crisis brought by industrial civilization has affected the healthy survival and development of human beings. To build a harmonious society, we need to build ecological civilization first, and the construction of ecological civilization needs public participation. Citizens should set up environmental morality and take part in the practical action of environmental protection. We can’t miss doing any good thing no matter how insignificant it looks. The earth environment is a complex ecosystem. To solve the environmental problems faced by human beings, it needs the cooperation of various disciplines and the coordinated development of multi disciplines.
    With the continuous development of China’s economy, new environmental problems continue to appear, and the corresponding environmental protection work is also in the process of rapid development. Today, human beings have entered a new era of ecological civilization. We should realize that human beings are part of the life community of the earth. We should understand the natural ecology scientifically, respect the nature, conform to the nature and protect the nature, recognize that the natural ecosystem is the second wealth besides the social products, and fully consider the bearing capacity of the natural ecology for the social and economic development. We should save resources, protect the environment, repair the ecology. We should strive to achieve the harmonious, innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development of human and natural ecology, and realize the common “sustainable development” between human and nature.

前 言

工业革命以来，尤其是 20 世纪 50 年代以来，随着人口数量的剧增、生活水平的不断提高和人类社会的进步，人类对环境资源的开发掠夺的强度和深度也日益增加，同时将大量的废物（废水、废弃物、废气和噪声等）排入环境，使生态环境遭受前所未有的破坏和干扰，从而产生了各种污染问题、自然灾害以及生态破坏。与此同时，污染的环境和失去平衡的生态反过来也给人类的生产生活带来了不便和危害，甚至是灾难。因此，环境问题引起了国际社会的广泛关注。工业文明带来的环境危机已经影响到人类的健康生存与发展。构建和谐社会首先需要建设生态文明，而生态文明建设需要公众参与。公民应树立环境道德，参与保护环境的实际行动，勿以善小而不为。地球环境是一个复杂的生态系统，解决人类面临的环境问题需要各专业相互合作及多学科协同发展。
      随着我国经济的不断发展，新的环境问题不断出现，相应的环境保护工作也在快速发展过程中。在今天，人类要进入生态文明的新时代，就是认识到人是地球生命共同体的一分子，要科学认识自然生态，尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，承认自然生态系统是除社会产品外的第二财富，充分考虑自然生态对社会经济发展的承载力。节约资源，保护环境，修复生态，达到人与自然生态、和谐，创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享，实现人与自然共同的“可持续发展”。

The engineering construction products are complex and diverse, and a large number of manpower, financial resources, material resources, machines and tools need to be invested in the construction. At the same time, we need to fully prepare the construction preparation, construction technology, construction method scheme according to the characteristics and scale of the construction object, geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, drawings, contracts and supply of mechanical materials, so as to ensure the technical and economic effect and avoid the accidents, which put forward higher requirements for engineering construction management and technical personnel. Highway construction workers are the most basic technical and organizational management personnel
to complete the highway construction tasks, and they are the organizers and managers of the production line at the construction site. They need to command and coordinate basic technical personnel and labor personnel on the construction site, and they should strengthen the training of key construction technical knowledge.
    The implementation of highway engineering supervision system is an important part of the reform of highway infrastructure management system in China, and an effective measure to improve the investment efficiency and construction management level. With the rapid development of national highway, the demand for highway engineering supervision technical personnel is increasing. It is urgent to cultivate a certain number of qualified highway engineering supervision personnel. In the stage of project construction, the main task of supervision engineer is that he must do a good job of “five controls, two management and one coordination” from the perspective of organization, technology, contract and economy, namely quality control, safety control, environmental protection control, cost control, progress control, contract management, information management
and organization coordination.

前 言

工程建设产品复杂多样，施工中需要投入大量人力、财力、物力、机具等，同时，需要根据施工对象的特点和规模、地质水文气候条件、图纸、合同及机械材料供应情况等，充分做好施工准备、施工技术工艺、施工方法方案等，以确保技术经济效果，避免出现事故，这就对工程建设施工管理技术人员提出了较高的要求。公路工程施工员是完成公路工程施工任务的最基层的技术和组织管理人员，是施工现场生产一线的组织者和管理者，要指挥、协调施工现场基层技术人员、劳务人员，应对加强关键施工技术知识的培训。
       推行公路工程监理制度是我国公路基本建设管理体制改革的一项重要内容，是提高投资效益和施工管理水平的有效措施。随着国家高速公路的迅速发展，对公路工程监理技术人员的需求不断增加，培养一定数量的合格的公路工程监理人员已迫在眉睫。工程施工阶段监理的主要任务是，监理工程师必须从组织、技术、合同和经济的角度抓好“五控、两管、一协调”工作，即质量控制、安全控制、环境保护控制、费用控制、进度控制、合同管理、信息管理和组织协调。