Construction industry is one of the basic, leading and pillar industries in China. Its healthy and stable operation is directly related to the coordinated and sustainable development of the national economy. With the development of China’s market economy for more than 30 years and reform deepening, the implementation of the housing commercialization policy in 1998, the acceleration of urbanization, the construction industry got the unprecedented development. However, many problems have also been exposed, especially the construction quality problems and frequent accidents, resulting in economic losses, casualties, and social impacts that cause people to reflect and worry. If a construction enterprise wants to survive, to develop, to grow, to succeed, and to mature, it can only rely on quality to win reputation, rely on reputation to build a brand, rely on the brand to expand the market, rely on the market to increase efficiency, rely on efficiency to seek development, and rely on development to achieve brilliant success.
Therefore, the quality of construction projects is undoubtedly the strategic focus of construction enterprises’ core competitiveness and the lifeline of survival and development.

前 言

建筑产业是我国的基础性、先导性、支柱性产业之一，它的健康稳定运行直接关系到国民经济的协调可持续发展。伴随着我国市场经济三十多年的发展和改革深化,1998 年住房商品化政策的实施，城镇化脚步的加快，建筑行业得到了空前的发展，但也暴露出很多问题，尤其是建筑工程质量问题和事故频频发生，所导致的经济损失、人员伤亡、社会影响引发人们反思和关切。

建筑企业要生存，要发展，要壮大，要成功，要成熟只能靠质量赢得信誉，靠信誉铸就品牌，靠品牌开拓市场，靠市场增加效益，靠效益谋求发展，靠发展取得辉煌。因此，建筑工程质量无疑是建筑企业拥有核心竞争力的战略重心和生存与发展的生命线。

During the development of the chemical industry, the production process is also continuously improved. However, with the continuous development of information technology, promoting the automation development of chemical engineering and technology can meet the development trend of the times, especially in the face of some limitations in current chemical engineering and process. We must adopt advanced technology to promote the automation development of chemical engineering and technology. This book consists of seven chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces chemical engineering and technology, the history of chemical engineering development, the current status and trends of chemical engineering in China, and the control and application of chemical automation. The second chapter focuses on the basic theories and algorithms of chemical engineering; and then studies the engineering technology of different types of chemical industry from the aspects of energy chemical industry, material chemical industry, biology and food chemical industry, as well as chemical automation, the design, construction, development status, overhaul and maintenance of chemical machinery and automation instruments. This book is an easy-to-understand and very practical reference book in the field of chemical industry, which can be used as a reference for process technicians engaged in continuous production processes.

前 言

在化学工业发展的过程当中，生产工艺也在不断地改进，但是随着信息科技的不断发展，推进化学工程与工艺的自动化发展才能够符合时代的发展趋势，尤其是面对当下化学工程与工艺中存在的一些局限性，必须要采取先进的技术来推进化学工程与工艺的自动化发展。
本书共七个章节，第一章绪论简单介绍了化学工程与工艺、化学工程发展史、我国化学工程发展现状与趋势与化工自动化控制与应用，第二章重点阐释了化学工程基础理论与算法，后从能源化工、材料化工、生物与食品化工几个方面研究不同化工种类的工程工艺技术，以及化工自动化、化工机械与自动化仪表的设计施工、发展现状、检修与维护，是一本通俗易懂、非常实用的化工领域工具书，可供从事连续生产过程的工艺技术人员作参考。

Highway engineering is one of the most important parts of China’s economic development. It is not only related to China’s economic development, but also closely related to the improvement of people’s living standards. How to build a highway project that meets people’s production and life development through reasonable design and construction within limited resources is one of the research directions that all highway construction enterprises should pay attention to.
This book adheres to the scientific development concept that combines theory and practice, and based on the two parts of highway engineering and highway project project management, analyzes the problems and status in the entire process of highway engineering planning and design, highway construction and construction, and highway project management. It also gives feasibility suggestions in response to these problems, with a view to providing a practical textbook and reference book for the majority of road traffic practitioners in China, to make a small contribution to the sustainable construction of China’s highway engineering construction.
Because this book contains a lot of content and is relatively cumbersome, the format, depth, and breadth of each chapter’s content may be inconsistent, and errors are unavoidable. Readers can criticize and correct them.

前 言

公路工程是我国经济发展中最为重要的部分之一，不仅关系我国的经济发展，而且密切关系我国人们生活水平的提高。如何在有限的资源内，通过合理的设计施工，建造出符合人们生产生活发展的公路工程，是所有公路施工企业要重视研究的方向之一。
本书坚持理论与实践相结合的科学发展观，以公路工程与公路工程项目管理两部分为依托，分析了公路工程规划设计、公路工程建设施工以及公路工程项目管理全过程存在的问题与现状，并针对这些问题给出可行性建议，以期为我国广大道路交通从业者提供一本切合实用的教材与参考书，为我国公路工程建设的可持续建设略尽绵薄之力。
由于本书包罗内容较多，涉及知识较烦琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。

China is a large agricultural country. In the total agricultural output value, the percentage of animal husbandry has been more than 30. China's total meat production has accounted for 26% of the world's total meat production, and the per capita occupied meat and egg production are both higher than the world average. China has become a big animal husbandry country in the world. Animal husbandry has not only made an important contribution to improving and enriching the material life of our people, but also become an important source of national economic income. It also provides important raw materials for light industry, pharmaceutical industry and foreign trade export. Animal husbandry plays a very important role in the national economy.

      With the steady development of animal husbandry in China for 50 years, especially since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the overall level of animal husbandry has been greatly improved. It has developed from the traditional extensive rural sideline to a pillar industry of the rural economy and even the national economy. Modern biotechnology, ecology, systematics, computer and engineering technology have penetrated into each other. Various new technologies of natural science have been widely used in modern animal husbandry, and many new achievements of social science are also being used in decision-making, management and management process by modern animal husbandry enterprises. With the development of animal husbandry industrialization, especially the improvement of people's living standard and the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, the sustainable development strategy is increasingly concerned by people. The state vigorously promotes the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, changes the dual planting structure to the ternary planting structure, makes rational use of plant resources, changes grass to meat and grass to milk, gradually changes the production structure of food consuming animals such as pigs and birds in China's animal husbandry, and vigorously develops the production of food-saving herbivorous livestock. The animal husbandry shows an unprecedented good development trend. However, at present, the overall production level of animal husbandry in China is relatively low compared with the developed countries in the world, especially the industrialization and socialization of animal husbandry are not developed enough, the scientific and technological content of animal husbandry is not high, the deep processing of animal products is still in the primary stage, and the spear shield of the development of animal husbandry and environmental protection is gradually emerging. In a country, without the high development of animal husbandry, agricultural modernization is impossible. Nowadays, the output value of animal husbandry in developed countries accounts for more than 50% of the total output value of agriculture, and the potential of modernization and development of animal husbandry is huge. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, animal husbandry will become a new growth point of China's modernization, and China will gradually develop from a big animal husbandry country in the world to a powerful animal husbandry country.

前言

我国是农业大国，在农业总产值中，畜牧业占有的比重已超过30%。我国肉类总产量已占世界肉类总产量的26%，人均占有的肉量和禽蛋量均超过世界平均水平。我国已成为世界畜牧业大国。畜牧业不但为提高与丰富我国人民的物质生活做出了重要贡献，成为国民经济收入的重要来源，而且为轻工业、医药工业、外贸出口提供了重要的原料，畜牧业在国民经济中占有非常重要的地位。

我国畜牧业50年的稳步发展，特别是国家推行改革开放政策以来，畜牧生产的整体水平有了很大提高，已由过去传统粗放型的农村副业，发展成为农村经济乃至国民经济的一个支柱产业。现代生物技术、生态学、系统学、计算机和工程技术等纷纷渗透交叉，各种自然科学新技术被广泛应用于当代畜牧业，许多社会科学新成果也正被现代畜牧企业应用于决策、管理和经营过程。随着畜牧产业化进程的发展，特别是人民生活水平的提高与环境保护意识的增强，可持续发展战略正日益为人们所关注。国家大力推进农业产业结构调整，改二元种植结构为三元种植结构，合理利用植物资源，变草为肉、变草为乳，逐步改变我国畜牧业中以猪、禽等耗粮型动物为主的生产结构，大力发展节粮型草食家畜生产，畜牧业呈现出前所未有的良好发展态势。但目前我国畜牧业整体生产水平与世界发达国家相比较低，特别是畜牧业产业化与社会化发展不够，养殖业的科技含量还不高，畜产品的深加工尚处于初级阶段，畜牧生产的发展与环境保护的矛盾正逐步显现出来。一个国家，没有畜牧业的高度发展，农业现代化就无从谈起。当今发达国家的畜牧业产值占农业总产值的比重一般都在50%以上，畜牧业现代化建设与发展的潜力巨大。随着人民生活水平的不断提高，畜牧产业必将成为我国现代化建设的一个新的生长点，我国也将由世界畜牧业大国逐步发展成为畜牧业强国。

本书的主要特点是实用准确，先进全面。为适应广大基层工作者的需要，编著者以通俗易懂的方式，严谨的语言风格，以常见病、多发病为主，按疾病分类，分别编写处方，体现了其实用性。本书中的药物处方主要依据国家和国际相关标准编写，有些相关标准中没有的处方，也因疗效安全可靠而收入，体现了其准确性。诚然，畜禽疾病的发生发展错综复杂，千变万化，由于篇幅所限，本书也难以面面俱到。

With the rapid development of science and technology and the increasingly expanding areas between interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary, it makes mining industry enterprises develop from production technology to management technology. Therefore, for the students of geology, measurement, electromechanical and other majors related to mining, it is required that they not only understand the knowledge structure and knowledge system of the major, but also understand the method, process and technology of mineral deposit.

Mineral resource is basic and strategic for living and development of human society. In our country, above 95% energy and 80% raw materials come from mineral resource.

With the development of economy, the ascertained high-quality mineral resource is nearly exhausted. It not only makes China face the crisis of serious shortage of total supply of non-ferrous materials, but also challenges the traditional geology, mining, beneficiation, metallurgy, materials, processing, environment and other science and technology after the complex low-grade ore resources or secondary resources that are "difficult to explore, difficult to mine, difficult to concentrate and difficult to smelt" gradually become the main raw materials. The low quality of resources will make China's non-ferrous metal industry and related industries face the crisis of survival competition. The development of China's nonferrous metal industry urgently needs new theories and new technologies that adapt to the characteristics of China's resources. The publication of non-ferrous metal science and technology books with complete system, leading level and mutual integration plays an important role in improving the independent innovation ability of China's non-ferrous metal industry, promoting the application of new theories and technologies with high efficiency, low consumption, no pollution and comprehensive utilization of non-ferrous metal resources, and ensuring the sustainable development of China's non-ferrous metal industry.

With the progress of science and technology and the renewal of people's understanding of the utilization of the earth's material resources, the number of mineable minerals will continue to increase, and the development of industry, agriculture and social economy will demand more and more mineral resources and rely on them more and more.

As the carrier of mineral resources, mines have made great contribution to the development of national economy. At the same time, the extensive development mode of some mines at the expense of environment has also brought serious environmental problems, which make mines bear too much environmental pressure. Mine environmental problems are mainly manifested in the impact on the mine water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment, especially on the ecological environment. The impact of mineral development on the environment is all-round.

Due to the limitation of the editor's level, we sincerely hope that readers will criticize and make suggestions on the mistakes and inadequacies of this book. Thank you very much.

前言

科学技术的进步日新月异，学科间、专业间的交叉范围日益扩大，这使得采矿工业企业由生产技术型向管理技术型发展，因此，对与采矿专业相关的地质、测量、机电等专业的学生，要求其不仅要了解本专业的知识结构和知识体系，还要了解采矿专业矿床的开采方法、工艺和技术。

矿产资源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础战略资源，我国95%的能源和80%以上的原材料均来自矿产资源。

随着经济的发展，已探明的优质矿产资源接近枯竭，不仅使我国面临有色金属材料总量供应严重短缺的危机，而且因为“难探、难采、难选、难冶”的复杂低品位矿石资源或二次资源逐步成为主体原料后，对传统的地质、采矿、选矿、冶金、材料、加工、环境等科学技术提出了巨大挑战。资源的低质化将会使我国有色金属工业及相关产业面临生存竞争的危机。我国有色金属工业的发展迫切需要适应我国资源特点的新理论、新技术。系统完整、水平领先和相互融合的有色金属科技图书的出版，对于提高我国有色金属工业的自主创新能力，促进高效、低耗、无污染、综合利用有色金属资源的新理论与新技术的应用，确保我国有色金属产业的可持续发展，具有重大的推动作用。

随着科技进步和人们对地球物质可资源化利用认识的更新，可开采矿种将不断增加，工、农业和社会经济的发展对矿产资源的需求量将越来越大,对其依赖性也越来越强。

矿山作为矿产资源的载体，在其矿业生产对我国国民经济发展做出重大贡献的同时，一些矿山粗放的、以牺牲环境为代价的开发方式，也带来了严重的矿山环境问题，使矿山承受了太多的环境压力。矿山环境问题主要表现在对矿山水环境、大气环境、声环境和生态环境的影响，尤其是对生态环境的影响。矿产开发对环境的影响是全方位的。

由于编者的水平所限，诚挚地希望读者对本书的错误和不妥之处提出批评与建议，在此表示衷心的感谢！