进入二十一世纪以来，我国的经济水平得到了显著的提高。伴随着经济的快速发展，我国的城市化进程大大加快，风景园林规划对于城市化建设来说意义重大。然而，随着我国经济的快速发展，城市的环境不断恶化，生态设计在风景园林规划中的应用越来越广。生态风景园林的修建，极大的提高了人们的居住质量。
        改革开放以来，我国城市的建设速度大大提高。伴随着城市化进程的加快，风景园林的规划工作越来越受到了人们的关注。风景园林的规划工作受到许多因素的影响，比如修建地的文化历史背景，当地的人文环境以及自然地理特征等。只有将这些影响因素充分考虑，才能更好的进行风景园林设计工作。虽然我国的风景园林历史悠久，但是就现阶段我国的风景园林规划工作来说，依旧存在着许许多多的问题，这些问题的出现，严重影响了我国风景园林的规划工作。
        随着人民的生活水平得到了显著的提高，因此，城市的风景园林规划越来越受到人们的关注。随着生态设计在风景园林规划中的应用，我国的城市环境得到了极大的改善，人们的生活水平也得到了显著的提高。

Engineering cost management runs through the entire process of construction  projects, and it is an important content of engineering construction investment  management. Engineering cost management takes construction engineering as the  research object, combines engineering technology, economy, management, laws and  regulations and other means and engineering practices, and focuses on introducing the  internal laws of engineering costs at different stages of construction engineering, as well as  the theories and methods for determining and controlling engineering costs. This is a  multidisciplinary subject involving construction engineering technology, engineering  economics, construction regulations, construction engineering measurement and pricing,  economic management, etc. It is also the last comprehensive course before the graduation  design of engineering cost major.  In the process of writing this book, it has fully absorbed the successful experience  and research achievements of the author’s unit in exploring and training technical  application-oriented professionals. The content of this book closely follows the  technological development of the construction industry, adheres to the requirements of the  current regulations, integrates with engineering practice and emphasizes the principle of  “giving priority to practicality, taking sufficiency as the degree, paying attention to  practice, strengthening training, and facilitating development”. According to the needs of  professional knowledge and ability, the learning content of this book is set; the  practicability, operability and comprehensiveness of the teaching content are emphasized.  The new knowledge of the industry is introduced in time to ensure that the teaching  content meets the needs of the industry. In addition, this book focuses on the application of  information technology in construction project management, and introduces the use  method of project management software in detail.

前 言  

工程造价管理贯穿于建设工程的全过程，是工程建设投资管理的重要内容。工 程造价管理以建设工程为研究对象，结合工程技术、经济、管理和法律法规等手段 和工程实践，着重介绍建设工程不同阶段工程造价的内在规律，以及确定和控制工 程造价的理论与方法，是一门涉及建设工程技术、工程经济学、建设法规、建设工 程计量与计价、经济管理学等多学科交叉的学科，也是工程造价专业毕业设计前最 后一门综合课程。 本书在编写过程中，充分汲取了作者单位在探索培养技术应用型专门人才方面 取得的成功经验和研究成果，紧紧跟随建筑施工行业的技术发展情况，坚持遵守现 行规范的要求并与工程实际相结合，强调“以实用为主，以够用为度，注重实践， 强化训练，利于发展”的原则，根据专业知识与能力需求，设置本书的学习内容； 并注重教学内容的实用性，可操作性及综合性，及时引入行业新知识，确保教学内 容与行业需求接轨。此外，本书注重信息技术在施工项目管理中的应用，详细介绍 了项目管理软件的使用方法。

We have entered the era of “Internet plus”. The emergence of the application of  intelligent computer terminals based on mobile phone has brought great convenience to  people and will continue to change people’s way of life. Computer network is an  extremely important tool in this era. The basic knowledge of computer network and the  basic methods of computer network application are the necessary knowledge and skills for  each major of information science to expand the field of professional application and  improve the level of professional application. It is necessary for the students of  information science to learn and master the basic principles and application methods of  computer network.  Computer network, especially the Internet based on TCP / IP protocol cluster, is  becoming the engine of new economic development. The new economic development  mode created by computer network has produced huge economic and social benefits, and  has also played an innovative and even subversive impact on the traditional economic  model. These also have a profound impact on the education of computer and network  science and engineering. With the continuous development of network technology, the  existing technology continues to bring forth new ones. At the same time, computer  education is also affected by the changes in the professional, cultural and social scope of  its application. Computer science is applied in a wider range, and the content is also more  abundant. In the view of educators, its curriculum system, teaching content, teaching  methods and teaching means need to deepen the reform according to the development of  computer and network science and technology, and keep pace with the times. In the  engineering education aiming at solving practical problems, we should combine the  students’ training objectives closely and organically, pay attention to the integration of  knowledge, ability and quality education, and strengthen students’ practical ability of  analyzing and solving problems.

前 言  

我们已经进入“互联网+”时代，大量基于手机这种计算机网络智能终端设备 的应用的出现，给人们带来了极大的便利，并将继续改变人们的生活方式。计算机 网络是这个时代极其重要的工具，计算机网络基本知识、计算机网络应用基本方法 是信息学科各个专业拓展专业应用领域、提升专业应用水平的必备知识和技能。对 于信息学科各专业的学生而言，学习和掌握计算机网络基本原理和应用方法是十分 必要的。 计算机网络特别是以 TCP/IP 协议簇为基础的互联网正在成为新经济发展的引 擎，其创造的全新经济发展模式产生了巨大的经济及社会效益，同时对传统的经济 模式也起到革新甚至颠覆性的影响。这些也对计算机以及网络科学与工程的教育产 生深刻的影响。随着网络技术的不断发展，已有的技术不断推陈出新，同时计算机 教育也被其应用的专业、文化和社会范围的改变而影响，计算机科学适用在更广泛 的范围，内容也越加丰富。在教育工作者看来，其课程体系、教学内容、教学方法、 教学手段上都需要根据计算机及网络科学技术的发展不断深化改革，与时俱进。在 以解决实际问题为目标的工程教育中应紧密有机地结合学生的培养目标，注重知识、 能力、素质教育三个方面的综合，加强学生分析、解决问题的实际能力。

At present, the global shortage of resources and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Energy and environmental problems have become the main bottleneck restricting economic development. The development and utilization of new energy can well alleviate this problem. Among them, the technology of power generation using new energy has been widely valued.
      As a cleaner energy, renewable energy plays an increasingly important role in the diversified development of energy supply. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the proportion of renewable energy in the global energy consumption structure will increase to 42% by 2021, and the proportion of renewable energy power generation in electric energy will reach 28% and by 2035, renewable energy power generation (including hydropower) will account for 50% of the global power generation growth, and its share in the total global power generation will increase to 31%, thus becoming the most important fuel in the power industry. According to the recommendation of IEA, renewable energy can be divided into three categories: the first is large-scale hydropower station, the second is biomass energy, and the third is new renewable energy, namely new energy, including solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower and ocean energy. In addition, except for solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower, ocean energy and other primary energy, new energy usually includes fuel cells and other secondary energy.
       As an effective measure to solve environmental problems, new energy power generation technology has the characteristics of high efficiency and fast rate, and has become the resource development technology advocated by the relevant national departments. Therefore, in the practical application process, it is necessary to widely use new energy power generation technology, improve the utilization rate of energy, reduce energy pollution, protect the natural environment, so as to better promote the harmonious development of man and nature.

前 言

当前，全球资源紧缺与环境问题日益突出，能源和环境问题成了制约经济发展的主要瓶颈，新能源的开发和利用可以很好地缓解这一问题，其中利用新能源发电的技术受到广泛的重视。
      可再生能源作为一种更加清洁的能源，在能源供应多元化发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色，根据国际能源署（International Energy Agency,IEA）预测到 2021 年，可再生能源在全球能源消费结构中的占比将增至 42%，可再生能源发电在电力能源中的占比将达到 28%，到 2035 年可再生能源发电（包括水电）占全球发电量增长的50%，并且在全球发电总量中的占比将增加至 31%，从而成为电力行业最主要的燃料。按照 IEA 的推荐，将可再生能源分为三类，第一类为大型水电站，第二类为生物质能，第三类为新的可再生能源，即新能源，包括太阳能、风能、小水电、海洋能等。此外，新能源除了包含太阳能、风能、小水电、海洋能等一次能源外，通常还包含燃料电池等二次能源。
       新能源发电技术作为解决环境问题的有效举措，具有高效益、快速率等特征，成为目前国家有关部门重点倡导的资源开发技术。因此在实际应用过程中需要广泛利用新能源发电技术，提高能源的利用率，减少能源污染，保护自然环境，从而更好地促进人与自然的和谐发展。

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy and the cornerstone of national stability. We must attach importance to the development of agriculture and put agriculture first in economic work. The development of agricultural production and the prosperity of the rural economy must rely on technological progress.
         Grain, cotton and oil are the important commodities related to national economy and people's livelihood. It is necessary to speed up the development of modern agriculture, enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and ensure national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products. With the rapid advancement of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the consumption demand for major agricultural products such as grain has increased rigidly, the constraints on climate, arable land and water resources have increased, the impact of changes in rural labor structure has increased, and the newly emerging urban agriculture also poses a challenge to traditional agriculture. How to promote the sustainable and stable development of the planting industry and achieve the goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety” has become an important issue that agricultural workers must consider. To this end, we have compiled this book to help farmers get richer and make further contributions to promoting agriculture by application of science and technology.

前 言

农业是国民经济的基础，是国家稳定的基石。必须重视农业的发展，把农业放在经济工作的首位。而发展农业生产，繁荣农村经济，必须依靠科技进步。
        粮棉油是关系国计民生的重要商品。要加快发展现代农业，增强农业综合生产能力，确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，粮食等主要农产品消费需求刚性增长，气候、耕地和水资源约束日益增强，农村劳动力结构变化冲击增强，方兴未艾的都市农业也对传统农业提出了新的要求。如何促进种植业持续稳定发展，实现“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”目标成为农业工作者必须考虑的重要课题。为此，我们编写了此书，帮助农民发家致富，为科技兴农再做贡献。