As the infrastructure of the city, municipal engineering has an important social  function, not only related to the people's clothing, food, housing, transportation, but also  affects the construction of urban political, economic and cultural environment. The  technical disclosure is a very important technical management work for construction  enterprises. Its purpose is to make the technical personnel and workers involved in the  construction of the construction project familiar with and understand the characteristics of  the project, design intent, technical requirements, management and other issues that should  be paid attention to. With the construction and investment scale of municipal infrastructure  engineering projects expanding year by year, in order to strengthen the standardized  management of engineering data and improve the engineering technology level and  management level, we organized and compiled this book.  In the process of compiling, we followed the guiding principle of “combining with  reality, strengthening management, process control and reasonable classification”,  according to the current relevant national laws, regulations, norms and regulations, and  referring to relevant local standards and other documents, we solicited the opinions of  relevant units and experts, combined with the characteristics of municipal infrastructure  engineering. We also take into account the development trend of municipal infrastructure  construction project management, strive to combine theory with practice, pay attention to  the summary of construction practice experience, and integrate the contents of the new  specification to make it easy to understand, reflecting knowledge, authority, foresight,  applicability and operability.  In order to ensure the practicability, advanced nature and foresight of the book, we  have learned and quoted some reference materials from abroad. During the compilation of  this book, some engineers and technicians who have worked hard in the front-line of  engineering construction have also provided us with a great deal of valuable technical data  for construction project management. At the same time, due to the short writing time, it is  inevitable that the contents of the series are omitted or unsatisfactory. We sincerely hope  that the readers can make criticism and correction. 

前 言  

市政工程作为城市的基础设施，有着重要的社会功能，不仅关系到市民的衣、 食、住、行，还影响到城市政治、经济、文化环境的建设。而技术交底是施工企业 极为重要的一项技术管理工作，其目的是使参与建筑工程施工的技术人员与工人熟 悉和了解所承担的工程项目的特点、设计意图、技术要求、各项管理工作等，应注 意的问题。随着市政基础设施工程项目建设和投资规模逐年扩大，为了加强工程资 料的规范化管理、提高工程技术水平和管理水平，我们组织编写了这本。 在编写过程中我们按照“结合实际、强化管理、过程控制、合理分类”的指导 原则，依据国家现行相关的法律、法规、规范、规程，并参考了相关地方标准等文 件，征求了相关单位和专家的意见，结合市政基础设施工程专业特点，并考虑到市 政基础设施建设工程管理的发展趋势进行编写，力求理论与实际相结合，注重施工 实践经验的总结，并将新规范的内容融会贯通，做到通俗易懂，体现知识性、权威 性、前瞻性、适用性和可操作性。 为保证本书的实用性、先进性、前瞻性，在本书编写过程中，我们吸取、引用 了国外有关的参考资料，部分工程项目管理的专业人员和奋战在工程建设一线的技 术人员也给我们提供了大量有参考价值的施工项目管理技术资料，在此表示衷心感 谢。同时，由于编写时间仓促，丛书内容疏漏或不如人意之处在所难免，恳请广大 读者批评指正。

With the process of industrialization and urbanization, our country has made  remarkable achievements in economic construction. However, due to the recombination of  labor, changes in people’s values, changes in family structure and demographic structure,  and intensified social competition that occurred during this process, the psychological  stress factors in people’s lives have increased, causing new spiritual and behavior  problems for human beings. In order to help us adapt to the changes of the mental illness  problems in our country and the new requirements for relevant prevention and treatment,  the editors, based on their own clinical experience for years, compiled this book, Research  on Diagnosis, Treatment and Nursing Practice of Practical Psychiatric Disease. During the compiling process, the editors paid attention to the reference to a large  number of relevant professional literature, concisely explained the etiology and  classification of mental disorders, symptoms of mental disorders, diagnosis, treatment and  nursing of organic mental disorders, mental disorders caused by psychoactive substances,  schizophrenia, mood disorders, neurosis, etc. This book, concise and easy to read, can be  used for reference by psychiatrists, nurses, and trainees. 

前 言  

随着工业化、都市化的进程，我国在经济建设上取得了举世瞩目的成就。但在 此过程中，由于劳动力的重新组合，价值观念的改变，家庭结构和人口结构的变化 及社会竞争不断加剧，导致人们生活中的心理应激因素增加，带来了新的精神心理 和行为问题。为适应我国精神疾病的变化和对防治工作提出的新要求，编者结合自 身多年的临床工作经验撰写了这本《实用精神科疾病诊疗与护理实践研究》。 在编写过程中，编者注重参阅大量相关专业文献，简明扼要地阐述精神障碍的 病因与分类，精神障碍的症状，脑器质性精神障碍的诊疗与护理，精神活性物质所 致精神障碍的诊疗与护理，精神分裂症的诊疗与护理，心境障碍的诊疗与护理，神 经症的诊疗与护理等。本书简明扼要，便于阅读查看，可供精神科医师、护士、进 修人员查阅参考。

Compared with other diseases, mental disorders emphasize more on  “patient-centered” rather than “disease-centered”, and need more individualized treatment.  In particular, psychotherapy and psychosocial therapy are still in the stage of introduction  and digestion in China. While standardizing the clinical work of psychiatry department,  we must pay attention to the specific situation of specific patients.  China is the country with the largest number of people suffering from mental illness  in the world. The root causes of mental illness are extremely complex, and the complex  factors are more complex than any other country in the world. The behaviors of self  mutilation, suicide, harming others and harming society due to serious mental illness  emerge in endlessly, and even have a gradually increasing trend in recent years. This kind  of national mental state puts forward strong challenges and higher requirements for the  medical workers in our country to protect people’s health. However, most of the medical  workers in our country do not have the ability to cope with the challenges and perform the  corresponding responsibilities. They are not competent for this kind of responsibility and  can not meet the health needs of the people, which requires the medical workers to  enhance their ability in this aspect, and learn to improve this knowledge. In addition, the  gradual expansion of the liberalization of medical practice of professional doctors in China  liberates the productivity of doctors, promotes the development of doctors, and improves  the income of doctors, which requires doctors to continuously improve their  comprehensive quality, enhance their sense of honor, and meet the needs of patients.  Especially in the treatment of patients with mental illness, we should quickly enhance our  ability to solve this problem. This book is suitable for mental health professionals, medical  staff in other departments and people who are interested in psychiatry. 

前 言  

精神障碍与其他疾病相比，更加强调“以病人为中心”，而不是“以疾病为中 心”，更需要治疗的个体化。特别是心理治疗及心理社会治疗，在我国仍处于引进 和消化阶段。精神科的临床工作，在规范化的同时，必须注意具体病人的具体情况。 我国是世界上患有精神疾病人口最多的国家，国民罹患精神疾病的根源是极其 复杂的，其复杂因素超过世界上其他任何一个国家应有的程度；因患严重精神疾病 而自残、自杀、伤害他人、危害社会的行为层出不穷，近年来甚至有逐渐增加的趋 势。这种国民精神状况对我国的医务工作者保护人民健康的职责提出了强烈的挑战 和更高的要求,但我国的大多数医务工作者都还不具备应对这种挑战和履行相应职 责的能力，胜任不了这种职责,满足不了国民的健康需要,这就要求医务工作者迅速增 强这方面的能力,学习提高这方面的知识；再加上我国职业医师行医自由化的逐步扩 大,解放了医生的生产力,促进了医生的发展,提高了医生的收益,这就要求医生必须不 断提高综合素质,增强荣誉感，满足患者需要。特别是在对待有精神疾病的患者,在这 个问题上更应迅速增强这方面的解决能力；本书正是这样一部既适合精神卫生专业 人员阅读，也适合其他各科医务人员及对精神病学有兴趣的人士参阅。

On the basis of surgery as the main treatment, neurosurgery applies unique  neurosurgical research methods to study the injury, inflammation, tumor, malformation of  human nervous system and its related subsidiary organs, as well as some genetic  metabolic disorders or functional disorders. It is a high-level, precise and advanced subject.  Since the beginning of the 21st century, the clinical and basic research of neurosurgery and  the popularization and application of new technologies have made rapid development and  great changes. For complex diseases of nervous system, due to the improvement of  detection methods and the continuous update of surgical technology, the level of diagnosis  and treatment has made great progress.  This book focuses on cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors and neurosurgical  interventional treatment. In the compilation, we pay special attention to the elaboration of  the theoretical basis and the guidance of clinical practice, and combine with the latest  development at home and abroad, the content is full and accurate, concise and clear. The  content of this book is clear, thorough, easy to read and understand, and hope to bring help  to the majority of Neurosurgery medical workers. 

前 言  

神经外科是在手术为主要治疗手段的基础上，应用独特的神经外科学研究方 法，研究人体神经系统以及与之相关的附属机构的损伤、炎症、肿瘤、畸形和某些 遗传代谢障碍或功能紊乱等疾病的一门临床外科专科，是一门高、精、尖学科。进 入 21 世纪以来，神经外科学的临床与基础研究和新技术的推广应用，都有了迅速的 发展和巨大改变。对于神经系统复杂病症来说，由于检测手段的改进以及手术技术 的不断更新，使诊治水平有了很大的进展。 本书重点介绍了脑血管疾病、颅脑肿瘤及神经外科介入治疗等多方面的内容。 在编写时，特别注重对理论基础的阐述和对临床实践的指导，并结合国内外最新发 展动态，内容翔实、简洁明了。所述及的内容清楚、透彻，易读易懂。希望能给广 大的神经外科医护工作者带来帮助。

As an important part of enterprise management, equipment management directly  affects the production and operation of enterprises. In recent years, China has announced  and implemented a lot of laws and regulations, technical specifications and management  standards on equipment management, which has increased the intensity of equipment  management. Equipment management has become an essential core skill for enterprise  managers and technicians.  Coal mine safe production involves many disciplines and technical categories. Coal  mine electromechanics is different from other majors in coal mine production because of  its various characteristics, wide range, long line, many links, strong professionalism, and  large number of employees in the mine. Especially in the past 20 years, the level of coal  science and technology has been rapidly improved, and many new technologies and new  equipment have been widely applied. Information technology has greatly changed the coal  mine production such as equipment control, production and management and safety  decision-making. This kind of change makes the coal mine electromechanical  management leap to a higher level. At the same time, the contradiction between the  requirements of the improved technology and the quality of employees is becoming  increasingly prominent, which also puts forward higher, more detailed and stricter  requirements for coal mine electromechanical management. 

前 言  

设备管理作为企业管理的重要内容，直接影响着企业的生产经营。近年来，我 国相继颁布和实施了很多设备管理方面的法律法规、技术规范及管理标准，加大了 对设备管理的力度。设备管理已成为企业管理人员、技术人员必备的核心技能。 煤矿安全生产涉及很多学科领域和技术门类，面煤矿机电工作更以其点多、面 广、线长、环节多、专业性强、从业人员占矿井总人数多的特点，区别与煤矿生产 的其他专业。特别是近 20 年来煤炭科技水平快速提升，许多新科技、新设备得到广 泛应用，信息技术更是让煤矿生产从设备控制、生产经营管理、安全决策等各环节 发生了重大变化，这种变化让煤矿机电管理跃上了更高的层次。与此同时，技术的 进步对从业人员的要求和从业人员自身素质这一矛盾也日显突出，这也给煤矿机电 管理工作提出了更高、更细、更严的要求。