With the development of economy and society and the continuous advancement of urbanization, the demand for infrastructure is increasing. Civil engineering is a very important form of construction in the process of infrastructure construction. In recent years, in the process of infrastructure construction, civil construction is mainly used. In the process of civil engineering construction, the overall project management is a very important construction content. The construction work must be carried out according to the corresponding construction standards, so as to improve the construction quality of civil engineering. With the continuous development of national economy and urbanization, China’s civil engineering construction has made great progress. As the central link of civil engineering construction, construction management directly affects the quality and benefit of civil engineering construction, and affects the sustainable development of civil engineering construction enterprises.
     Civil engineering construction project involves many production factors, such as production equipment, production materials, production technology and so on., which can eventually affect the quality of construction projects. Therefore, for the project construction management unit, it is necessary to formulate effective project management system and establish effective technical measures, management measures, economic measures and technical measures according to the actual situation of the project, so as to ensure the orderly progress of the whole construction project.

前 言

随着经济社会的发展和城市化的不断推进，基础设施的需求在不断增加，土木工程是基础设施建设的过程中十分重要的建设形式。近年来在进行基础设施建设的过程中主要采用土木建设，在土木工程建设的过程中整体的项目管理是十分重要的建设内容，必须按照相应的建设标准进行建设工作，这样才能提升土木工程的建设质量。国家经济的不断进步以及城市化建设的不断发展，我国土木工程施工建设取得了重大进步。施工管理作为土木工程施工建设的中心环节，直接影响着土木工程施工建设质量以及效益，影响着土木工程施工企业的可持续发展。
        土木工程施工建设项目所涉及生产要素众多，生产设备、生产材料、生产工艺等，都能成为最终影响施工建设项目质量的因素，因此对于工程施工建设管理单位而言，必须根据项目的实际情况，制定有效的项目管理制度，设立行之有效的技术措施、管理措施、经济措施、技术措施， 保证整个施工建设项目能够有序推进。

Water conservancy project construction is the work of building water conservancy project according to the requirements of engineering structure, quantity, quality, progress and cost proposed in the design. The application, operation, maintenance and protection of water conservancy project is an important part of water conservancy project management. After the completion of water conservancy project, effective management must be adopted to achieve the expected effect and verify the correctness of the original planning and design; The basic task of project management is to maintain the integrity and safety of engineering buildings and equipment, so that they are in good technical condition; we need correctly use water conservancy engineering equipment to control, regulate, distribute and use water resources, and give full play to its flood control, irrigation, water supply, drainage, power generation, shipping, environmental protection and other benefits. To do a good job in the construction and management of water conservancy projects is necessary.
        In recent years, the state has attached great importance to the basic construction projects of water conservancy projects, and the construction projects of water conservancy projects have also developed rapidly, but the quantity and quality of technical personnel of water conservancy projects are far from meeting the requirements. Especially in small and medium-sized water conservancy projects, the management and technical level of the person in charge of the actual project is low, the improvement of project quality and safety situation is not fast, and there are potential safety hazards in the construction project. In order to improve the professional level of the person in charge of the construction site and provide personnel support for the construction of water conservancy projects, we have compiled this book.

前 言

水利工程施工是按照设计提出的工程结构、数量、质量、进度及造价等要求修建水利工程的工作。水利工程的运用、操作、维修和保护工作，是水利工程管理的重要组成部分，水利工程建成后，必须通过有效的管理，才能实现预期的效果和验证原来规划、 设计的正确性； 工程管理的基本任务是保持工程建筑物和设备的完整、安全，使其处于良好的技术状况；正确运用水利工程设备，以控制、调节、分配、使用水资源，充分发挥其防洪、灌溉、供水、排水、发电、航运、环境保护等效益。
        做好水利工程的施工与管理是发挥工程功能的鸟之两翼、车之双轮。水利工程基本建设项目近年来得到国家的高度重视，水利工程建设项目也迅速发展，但随之而来的是水利工程技术人员的数量和质量远远满足不了要求，特别是中小型水利工程现场实际工程负责人的管理和技术水平较低，工程质量、安全状况提升不快，工程建设项目存在安全隐患。为了提高施工现场负责人的业务水平，为水利工程建设提供人员保障，我们编写了本书。

Water conservancy project construction is the work of constructing water conservancy projects in accordance with the requirements in the project design on project structure, quantity, quality, schedule and cost. The application, operation, maintenance and protection of water conservancy projects are an important part of water conservancy project management. After the completion of water conservancy projects, we must implement effective management to achieve the expected results and verify the correctness of the original planning and design. The basic tasks in project management are to maintain the integrity and safety of engineering buildings and equipment, keeping them in a good technical condition; to correctly use water conservancy engineering equipment to control, regulate, distribute and use water resources, and give full play to its benefits in flood control, irrigation, water supply, power generation, shipping, and environmental protection. Doing a good job in the construction and management of water conservancy projects will give strong support to the fully functioning of project engineering.
        Our country’s current water resources are severely insufficient in quantity, the quality of water bodies is getting worse and worse, and the problem of water quality pollution is becoming increasingly prominent. People have paid more attention to water quality. In order to achieve the purpose of understanding, protecting, managing and improving the quality of water bodies, it is necessary to conduct planned investigations, studies and monitoring on the form, nature and content of substances that affect the quality of water bodies. Thus we can obtain a clear understanding, which will help to use legislative, economic, educational, administrative and technological measures to effectively control water pollution. Therefore, water quality monitoring is the basis for water pollution prevention and water resources protection, and the foundation for implementing water environment protection laws and regulations and implementing water quality management.

前 言

水利工程施工是按照设计提出的工程结构、数量、质量、进度及造价等要求修建水利工程的工作。水利工程的运用、操作、维修和保护工作，是水利工程管理的重要组成部分，水利工程建成后，必须通过有效的管理，才能实现预期的效果和验证原来规划、 设计的正确性； 工程管理的基本任务是保持工程建筑物和设备的完整、安全，使其处于良好的技术状况；正确运用水利工程设备，以控制、调节、分配、使用水资源，充分发挥其防洪、灌溉、供水、水、发电、航运、环境保护等效益。
       做好水利工程的施工与管理是发挥工程功能的鸟之两翼、车之双轮。我国目前的水资源不仅表现为数量严重不足，而且水体质量也越来越差，水质污染问题日益突出。水的质量状况日益受到人们的重视。为了达到了解、保护、管理和改善水体质量的目的，必须对影响水体质量的物质的形态、性质和含量进行有计划的调查研究和监测，以便得到明确的认识，进而有助于利用立法、经济、教育、行政和技术等手段，有效地控制水体污染。因此，水质监测是进行水污染防治和水资源保护的基础，是贯彻执行水环境保护法规和实施水质管理的依据。

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for the indispensable energy, oil resources, is increasing in the both fields of production and life. With the discovery of some offshore oilfields, the development of offshore oilfields has become the current key direction of the oilfield development. Due to the particularity of the environment around the offshore oilfields, drilling equipment is the critical equipment and tools for the development. The harsh environmental conditions and high-intensity operation may lead to certain problems of drilling equipment. In addition, marine resources are diverse, and various devices are widely used in the development process. How to use these devices effectively and how to use them to get the full benefit are the problems that we marine workers need to solve.
     Offshore engineering equipment industry is a strategic emerging industry whose cultivation and development are accelerated in China, and it will be in a critical period of rapid development in the next 10 years. Therefore, in terms of the arrangement of the structural system, this book focuses on the development goals and key technologies of China's marine development in the next 15-20 years, and comprehensively introduces the equipment, technology and principle of offshore oil and gas, marine power resources, and seabed mineral resources development.
       Deep sea electromechanical technology is comprehensive. It involves machinery, electronics, control, acoustics, optics, materials and structure. It is a multidisciplinary high-tech field. Therefore, this book strives to highlight the critical basic knowledge of various disciplines related to marine development, and use and explain it in combination with marine development. Marine development is all-inclusive, and new hot spots emerge endlessly. This book strives to introduce and analyze typical systems in relevant fields, so that readers can make comprehensive use of basic and professional knowledge, and gradually cultivate the ability of analyzing and solving problems and innovation ability in combination with the needs of deep-sea development.

前 言

工业化与城市化的快速发展过程中，石油资源的需求量日益增多，在生产生活领域都是不可或缺的能源。随着一些海上油田的发现，海洋油田开发成为了当前的重点开发方向，由于海洋油田分布环境的特殊性，钻井设备是开发的关键设备与工具，恶劣的环境条件和高强度的运行可能会导致钻井设备存在一定的问题；此外，海洋资源多样，开发过程所使用的设备非常多，电子设备占有量巨大，如何有效使用这些设备，使其发挥最大效益，是我们海洋工作者持之以恒需要解决的问题。
       海洋工程装备产业是我国当前加快培育和发展的战略性新兴产业， 未来 10 年将处于快速发展的关键时期。因此，本书在结构体系的安排上，紧紧围绕今后我国15~20 年内海洋开发发展目标及其关键技术，以此为主线，全面介绍了海洋油气、海洋动力资源，以及海底矿产资源开发的设备、技术和原理。
       深海机电技术具有综合性，它涉及机械、电子、控制、声学、光、材料与结构等，是多学科交叉的高新技术领域，因此本书力求突出各学科与海洋开发相关的重点基础知识，并结合海洋开发加以运用和讲解。海洋开发包罗万象，新的热点层出不穷，本书力求通过介绍、分析相关领域典型的系统，让读者综合运用基础与专业知识，结合深海开发的需求，逐步培养分析与解决问题的能力和创新能力。

With the revolutionary development of human industry, on the one hand, it has effectively promoted the progress of science and technology, and the process of industrialization and urbanization has led to the rise of construction industry; on the other hand, it has directly led to a series of problems endangering the survival and safety of all mankind, such as resource depletion, environmental deterioration, ozone hole greenhouse effect, dust storm El Nino phenomenon, population expansion and so on. It is in this world background that green building emerges as the times require, and gradually forms a new concept and new consciousness with wide influence. Green building not only focuses on the relationship between buildings and people, but also on the relationship between resource consumption and resource efficiency. Its goal principle is to establish a harmonious, safe and healthy symbiotic relationship between human and nature, so as to minimize the consumption of earth resources, optimize the efficient use of resources, and maximize the satisfaction of human livable and comfortable survival needs.
       China is a country with vast territory, large population, deteriorating environment, lack of resources and unreasonable distribution. The differences of natural, economic and social conditions are prominent. The development of green building has a special scientific status and social, economic and environmental significance. Therefore, the establishment of green building professional consciousness, the improvement of green building technical ability and the improvement of green building service level should become the necessary professional basis and conditions for the majority of architects, planners, civil engineers, equipment engineers, environmental engineers and other related technical personnel to practice in today's society and in the future.
       Green building and green construction technology, is an important part of the sustainable development of the construction industry, but also the construction industry itself must achieve the basic requirements of saving resources and energy and protecting the ecological environment. Based on this, we organized the compilation of this textbook, hoping to meet the needs of managers and professional technicians in the field of engineering construction to learn green building and green construction technology.

前 言

随着人类工业革命性发展，一方面有力地推动了科学技术进步，工业化城市化进程导致建筑工业的崛起；另一方面也直接导致了危及全人类生存安全、存续健康发展的一系列问题，诸如资源枯竭、环境恶化、臭氧空洞温室效应、沙尘暴厄尔尼诺现象、人口膨胀等。正是在这样的世界背景下，绿色建筑应运而生，并逐步形成了具有广泛影响的新概念、新意识。绿色建筑不仅关注建筑与人的关系，同时关注资源消耗与资源使用效率的关系。其目标原则是建立人与自然之间和谐、安全、健康的共生关系，以最小消耗地球资源、最优高效使用资源、最大限度地满足人类宜居和舒适生存需求。
        我国地域辽阔、人口众多、环境恶化、资源匮乏且分布不合理，自然、经济与社会条件差异性突出，发展绿色建筑具有特殊的科学地位和社会、经济、环境意义。因此，建立绿色建筑职业意识，完善绿色建筑技术能力，提高绿色建筑服务水平，理应成为广大建筑师、规划师、土木工程师、设备工程师、环境工程师等相关技术人员，面对当今社会与未来社会执业的必备职业基础和条件。
        绿色建筑和绿色施工技术，是建筑业可持续发展的重要组成部分，也是建筑业本身必须做到节约资源能源和保护生态环境的基本要求。正是立足于此，我们组织编写了本教材，期望满足工程建设领域管理人员和专业技术人员学习绿色建筑和绿色施工技术的需求。