Water is the source of life, and water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. Water conservancy construction is the basic construction for economic and social development. The construction of water conservancy economy is related to the sustainable development of agriculture and society and economy. It is an important basic link in the process of the development of the national economy and the construction of a harmonious society, and is the strategic focus of the national economy. How to strengthen water conservancy construction and maximize the comprehensive benefits of water conservancy, especially economic benefits, is very important for today's water conservancy construction.

This book first introduced the basic theory of water and water resources, water cycle and water crisis. Second, this book analyzes the development of water conservancy projects, the status and contribution of water conservancy in the national economy, and the current status and trends of water conservancy economy development and trends in the new period. Third, this book specifically discusses various water conservancy projects and their survey, design, construction, and management, and elaborates various concepts of water conservancy project economy, water safety guarantee, and market mechanism. Finally, the book discusses the broad concern of stakeholders in agricultural water pricing. This is a book of social and economic benefits, and the combination of theory and practice. It is a practical reference book that provides help to the practitioners of hydraulic engineering.

前言

水是生命之源，水利是农业的命脉。水利建设是经济社会发展的基础建设，水利经济建设关系到农业和社会经济的可持续发展，是国民经济发展与和谐社会构建过程中重要的基础环节，是国民经济的战略重点。如何加强水利建设，最大限度的发挥好水利综合效益，尤其经济效益，对当今水利建设来说，十分重要。

本书开篇从水与水资源、水循环与水危机等基础理论讲到我国的水利工程发展、水利在国民经济中的地位和贡献与新时期水利经济的发展现状与趋势的水利现状，再具体谈各种水利工程及其勘测、设计、施工、管理，之后讲到水利工程经济的各种概念，水安全保障与市场机制，最后讲了下农业水价的利益相关者这一广泛关注地问题，是一本社会与经济效益兼具，理论与实际结合，并能为广大水利工程从业者提供帮助的切合实用的工具书。

With the continuous progress and development of the society and the deepening of the market economy, the market competition of the construction industry is increasingly fierce. The scale of construction projects is expanding, and construction engineering management is emphasized. Construction projects provide an important material and technological basis for the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's lives, and play a role in promoting the revitalization of various industries. Therefore, it occupies a very important position in the national economy. The country also attaches great importance to the use of legal means. The management of engineering construction has been strengthened through the formulation and implementation of engineering construction management regulations. Construction management includes construction site management, project cost management, project schedule management, project quality management, construction safety management and other management contents. In order to pursue better development space, construction enterprises must continuously enhance the management capacity of projects and determine scientific, reasonable cost, duration, safety and quality related goals. Economy, technology and organization are integrated to control the three objectives effectively, thus achieving good social and economic benefits.

Therefore, this book is mainly written around the above points, aiming to provide readers with relevant knowledge reference. As the book contains more content, involves more cumbersome knowledge, and has more compilers, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be inconsistent; and the fallacies are inevitable. Readers are invited to criticize and correct. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前言

随着社会的不断进步和发展，市场经济的不断深化，建筑业的市场竞争日趋激烈，建设项目规模不断扩大，建筑工程管理越来越受到人们的重视。建筑工程建设为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供重要的物质、技术基础，并对多种产业的振兴起着促进作用。因此，它在国民经济中占有相当重要的地位，国家也十分重视运用法律手段，通过制定和实施工程建设管理法规，加强工程建设的管理。建筑施工管理包括施工现场管理、工程成本管理、工程进度管理、工程质量管理、施工安全生产管理以及其他管理内容。为了追求更好地发展和生的空间，建筑企业必须不断地增强对项目的管理能力；并确定科学、合理的成本、工期、安全以及质量的相关目标。综合的应用经济、技术、组织以及合等措施实行对于三大目标有效的控制；进而取得好的社会效益以及经济效益。

因此本书主要围绕以上几点进行编写，旨在为广大读者提供相关知识的参考。由于本书包罗内容较广，涉及知识较繁琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请读者批评指正。

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, China's machinery manufacturing industry has made great progress. Machinery manufacturing industry is the basic industry of national economy, and also an important embodiment of national strength. It not only marks the development level of a country's science and technology, but also is the focus of international competition. To the degree of automation of mechanical equipment, some single performance has reached the international advanced level. However, there is still a certain gap between the high-end technology of China's machinery and the world. The overall degree of automation of mechanical equipment is not very developed. In particular, machinery manufacturing technology is a weak link in China, and there is still a lot of room for improvement.

This book gives a comprehensive and detailed explanation of machine manufacturing and mold processing from nine chapters. The present situation and technology of mechanical manufacturing and die processing are summarized and the existing problems are analyzed. Solutions are proposed for reference by relevant staff.

前言

近年来随着科学技术的发展，我国机械制造行业也有了长足的进步，机械制造业是国民经济的基础产业，也是一个国家国力的重要体现，它不仅标志着一个国家科学技术的发展水平，而且也是国际间竞争的重点。以机械设备的自动化程度来说，有的单机性能已经达到了国际先进水平。但是，我国机械的高端技术与国际相比还存在一定的差距，从机械设备的整体自动化程度方面来说还有欠缺，尤其是机械制造技术是我国的薄弱环节，还存在很大的上升空间。

本书从九章内容对机械制造与模具加工进行全面详细的讲解，对机械制造与模具加工的现状及技术进行概括，分析了现存的问题，并提出解决方案，以供相关工作人员借鉴。

In the new historical development period, the State Council and the Central Committee of CPC proposed the great strategic goal of "building a conservation-oriented society", which put forward higher requirements for highway construction and pointed out the direction. To achieve rapid development with minimum material consumption, we must adhere to the scientific development concept and take the road of resource-saving transportation development. Highway construction plays a very important role in this progress. As the leading and basic industry of the national economy, highway construction plays a role of guarantee and support for economic and social development, and bears important social responsibilities. From the perspective of the overall situation and the whole society, it is the common responsibility and aspiration of highway builders to effectively enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency and maintain the harmonious symbiosis and coordinated development of environmental conditions and transportation. To realize the construction management of highway engineering, we must start with quality management, cost management and highway engineering informatization construction.

前言

在全新的历史发展时期，国务院、党中央提出了“建立节约型社会”的伟大战略目标，为公路建设提出了更高的要求，同时指明了方向。以最小的物质消耗满较快的发展，要坚持科学发展观，求走资源节约型交通发展之路，公路建设起着非常重要的作用。公路建设作为国民经济的先行行业和基础产业，对经济社会发展起着保障、支撑作用，担负着重大的社会职责。站在全局、全社会的高度，切实增强责任感和紧迫感，保持环境条件与交通事业的和谐共生、协调发展，是公路建设者共同责任和心愿。要实现公路工程的建设管理就要分别从质量管理、造价管理和公路工程的信息化建设抓起。

The number of Chinese university graduates is expected to reach 7.65 million in 2017, which is 160,000 more than last year. Such a large number means that some college students in China will face the situation that "graduation equals unemployment" this year. Combined with the unemployed graduates of previous years, it is estimated that there will be 10 million college students competing for jobs at the same time this year. Due to the increasingly severe employment situation, on May 8, 2016, the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee issued the "State Council's Opinions on Several Policies and Measures to Vigorously Promote Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”. The document has clearly pointed out specific implementation points on how to promote college students' innovation and entrepreneurship. On the one hand, this measure can reassure university students to implement the plan of “starting business first, then learning”. On the other hand, college students can catch up with the trend of the times, seize entrepreneurial opportunities, drive employment with entrepreneurship, and create more jobs, thereby reducing the employment pressure on college students. At the same time, this has brought new impetus to economic transformation in the context of the new normal economy. Under the background of the new economic normal, the economic situation is changing, and it is difficult for college students to find employment and start business, which has caused some problems for college students in their career choice and entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen and implement the guide for university students' innovation and entrepreneurship. We must accurately judge the value orientation of the current economic development under the new normal, guide the direction of innovation and entrepreneurship education, strive to give play to its due value, overcome difficulties from all aspects, and make it better serve the development of the economic new normal.

前言

2017年中国大学生毕业生的数量预计达到765万，比去年增加了 16 万，如此庞大的数字背后意味着今年我国部分大学生将面临“毕业等于失业”的局面，再加上往年未就业的毕业生，今年预计共有1000万大学生同时竞争岗位。由于就业形势日益严峻，2016年5月8日，中共中央发布了《国务院关于大力推进大众创业万众创新若干政策措施的意见》。文件中就如何推进大学生创新创业，已明确指出了具体实施要点，该举措一方面可以使大学生群体放心大胆地去实行“先创业，再学习”的计划，另一方面能让大学生得以赶上时代潮流，抓住创业机遇，以创业带动就业，创造更多就业岗位，从而减轻大学生就业压力，同时为经济新常态背景下经济转型带来新动力。 经济新常态背景下，经济局势变幻，大学生群体出现就业难创业难问题，导致了大学生在择业创业观方面出现了一些问题。由此，就如何加强和落实好大学生创新创业指南迫在眉睫，我们要准确研判当前经济发展新常态下的价值取向，引领好创新创业教育的方向，努力发挥其应有的价值，从各个方面攻破难关，使其更好地服务于经济新常态的发展。