Highway bridge plays a very important role in urban transportation, which strengthens the communication and exchange between cities, and has become the actual needs of modern economic development. The safety of highway bridges is an important factor affecting the development of transportation. In order to better improve the quality and safety of highway bridges, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the construction process of highway bridges and the maintenance after putting into use, so as to effectively ensure the construction safety and use safety of highway bridges, and make the highway bridges give full play to their important value.
      According to the construction environment of highway bridge engineering, considering the influence of geographical environment and climate, scientific and reasonable construction design is carried out. We should strengthen the construction management and improve the relevant construction technology to ensure the smooth progress of the project under the environmental conditions and avoid the impact of environmental factors on the quality of the project. Bad weather and natural disasters will have a certain impact on the quality of highway bridges. In the design of highway bridges, we should consider the resistance of highway bridges to environmental factors after they are put into use. In the maintenance of highway bridges, it is also necessary to take effective protective measures against a variety of environmental factors to improve the safety and stability of highway bridges. The rapid development of highway and bridge construction in China has laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of China’s economy. But in its construction technology and maintenance program, there are still deficiencies, which have a certain impact on the quality of highway bridges. How to do a good job in the construction technology and maintenance scheme of highway and bridge engineering is one of the problems to be solved by relevant enterprises.

前 言

公路桥梁在城市交通运输当中起到了极为重要的作用，加强了城市间的沟通与交流，已经成为现代经济发展的实际需要。公路桥梁的安全问题，是影响交通运输发展的重要因素。为了更好的提升公路桥梁的质量安全，需要对公路桥梁工程的施工过程的监管以及投入使用后的养护加强管理，以有效地保证公路桥梁上的施工安
全和使用安全，使公路桥梁充分发挥其重要的价值。
        根据公路桥梁工程的施工建设环境，考虑到地理环境和气候的影响，进行科学合理的施工设计。加强施工管理，对相关施工技术进行改进和完善，以保证在该环境条件下工程能够顺利进行，避免由于环境因素而对工程质量造成影响。恶劣天气以及自然灾害会对公路桥梁的质量造成一定的影响，在公路桥梁的设计当中，要考虑到公路桥梁在投入使用后对于环境因素影响的抵抗能力。在公路桥梁的养护方面，也需要针对多种环境因素进行有效的防护措施，以提高公路桥梁更加安全稳固。
        我国的公路桥梁建设得到快速发展，为我国经济高速发展打下了坚实的基础。但是在其施工技术与养护方案上，仍然存在着不足，这样就对公路桥梁的质量产生了一定的影响。如何才能从根本上将公路桥梁工程的施工技术与养护方案工作做好，是相关企业亟待解决的问题之一。

In recent year, great changes has taken place in the disciple system of engineering appraisal course. On the basis of maintaining he basic theories and methods that conform to the law of construction production in the original discipline system, it has constantly adopted means and methods of engineering cost commonly used in western developed countries and the world, based on the traditional management system of estimated budget and quota adapted to the planned economy, we comprehensively established the price mechanism system based on the market formation price, including the bill valuation mode, and introduces the Highway project cost management model which meets the need of market economy development. From planned price to the market price, the construction market demands more and more on the marketization degree of budget pricing. All participants in the construction market must reform the original budget market management system, combining with reform, to establish an effective cost management system.
        Highway transportation is an important and leading industry for economic and social development, it is also an important service industry concerning people’s livelihood. In recent years, we have made remarkable achievements in transportation infrastructure construction, and also contributed to the national economic and social development as well as the people's safe and convenient travel. Highway cost management is an indispensable important work in highway construction, the most basic content of the highway cost management is to reasonably determine and effectively control the project cost. The reasonable determination of the project cost is to adopt scientific methods and practical valuation on each stage of project construction, according to the reasonable determination of the project cost, to determine the design estimate, construction drawing budget, contract price, settlement price and final settlement price for completion, ect.

前 言

近年来，工程造价课程在学科体系上发生了巨大的变化，它在保持原有学科体系中符合建筑生产规律的基本理论方法的基础上，不断吸收西方发达国家和国际上通行的工程造价的手段和方法.由传统的与计划经济相适应的概预算定额管理制度体系，全面阐述建立起以市场形成价格为主的价格机制体系，包括公路工程工程量清单计价等，引入国际通行的适应市场经济发展需要的公路工程造价管理模式。从计划价指导价到市场价，建筑市场对预算计价的市场化程度要求越来越高，建筑市场的各类参与主体必须改革原有的预算管理体制，结合报价方式的改革，通过两者之间的紧密结合，从而建立起一套行之有效的造价管理系统。
        公路交通是经济社会发展的重要基础性和先导性产业，也是事关国计民生的重要服务性行业。近年来，我国的交通基础设施建设取得了举世瞩目的成就，为国民经济和社会发展以及人民群众的安全、便捷出行做出了贡献。公路工程造价管理是公路建设不可或缺的一项重要工作，而公路工程造价管理最基本的内容，是合理确定和有效控制工程造价。工程造价的合理确定就是在工程建设各个阶段采用科学的方法和切合实际的计价依据合理确定投资估算、设计概算、施工图预算、承包合同价、结算价和竣工决算价等。

Engineering logistics is a very important part of modern logistics. It can effectively solve the material transportation problems appeared in the construction of engineering projects and supporting and other aspects of some large-scale conferences. The characteristics of engineering logistics are high risk, timeliness and one-time completion of the project. In the process of its transportation and loading, there is a constant need for special equipment and the cooperation between several logistics enterprises which can offer different modes of transportation. Equipment dismantling, moving, packing, encasing, binding, customs clearance, sea transportation, air transportation, land transportation, unpacking and installation all belong to the service scope of engineering logistics. Because of its large scale, complex structure, wide range of design and strong uncertainty, engineering logistics has become a complex system engineering. In the process of its implementation, it is necessary to combine the theory of system engineering with the theory of logistics system planning, control and management to select the transportation scheme which should have good adaptability to deal with the uncertain factors appeared in the logistics chains.

前 言

工程物流是现代物流中很重要的组成部分，它能够很好的解决工程项目建设的物资运输以及一些大型会议、支援等方面的物资运输问题。工程物流的特点是风险性高、时效性强、项目一次性完成；其运输装卸过程中往往需要专用特殊设备，并且需要几种运输方式结合，协同多家物流企业联合操作。设备拆卸、搬移、包装、装箱、绑扎系固、通关、海运、空运、陆运、拆箱、安装等都属于工程物流的服务范围。工程物流因其规模庞大、结构复杂、设计范围广泛、不确定性强等特点，使其成为一项复杂的系统工程。在其实施过程中，需要采用系统工程理论方法结合物流系统规划、控制和管理理论选择运输方案，并要求所采用的运输方案有具有很好的适应性来应对物流链条中的不确定性因素。

建筑是人类从事各种活动的主要场所，建筑业的发展是现代经济社会发展的重 要推动力量，它对拉动经济发展，促进社会进步起到了关键作用。近年来，随着建 筑业的技术水平与管理能力不断提升，掀起了中国建筑工程的建设热潮，但是，建筑能耗高、能效低下的粗放型发展模式并未彻底改变，我国建筑行业弊端逐渐凸显， 绿色建筑理念成为建筑业发展的必然趋势，对于我国建筑工程管理有着重要的改革作用。 以人为本和生态文明建设是我国的一项基本国策。发展绿色建筑，建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会，走可持续发展的道路体现了人民意愿和国家意志，也是人类社会的发展方向。离开建筑的绿色化本质来谈论建筑的时代已经成为过去。以绿色化生态文明为标志的绿色建筑时代正在向我们走来。传统的建筑设计理念必然被 绿色建筑设计理念取而代之。 绿色建筑作为解决地球上日益严峻环境问题挑战的一种有效方式，旨在保证人们在健康、舒适和高效的人工环境基础上最大限度节约资源和保护环境生态系统， 以达到人与自然的和谐共生及可持续发展的目标。绿色建筑作为一种综合性理念， 要求设计者，施工者、使用者和维护管理人员等充分考虑建筑在全生命周期内对场地、能源、材料和水资源的高效利用以及室内环境、施工和运行的优化管理等各方 面影响因素。近年来，不断有研究指出绿色建筑在考虑以上因素之外，还应该重视 其对社会经济、文化和艺术等方面的影响，以便因地制宜地推进绿色建筑的产业化和市场化。 绿色建筑体现了人与自然和谐共存，顺应时代发展的潮流和社会民生的需求， 是建筑节能和建筑业可持续发展的迫切需要。不仅涉及老百姓的生活质量，而且也是关系国计民生的大事业，全面推进建筑节能与推广绿色建筑已成为我国住房和城 乡建设领域推进节能减排的重要战略措施之一。 绿色施工作为绿色建筑全寿命周期中的重要一环，是可持续发展思想在工程施工中的应用。它随着可持续发展和环境保护的要求而产生，并将整体预防的环境战 略持续应用到建筑产品的制造过程中，在做到质量优良、安全保障、施工文明等目标的同时，尽可能减少对环境的破坏及危害，以期达到降耗、增效和环保效果的最大化。

In the process of housing construction project, in order to ensure the orderly development of the project, reasonable cost control and comprehensive security guarantee, it is essential to pay attention to the development and optimization of management. The actual management work needs to adjust and match the materials, materials, personnel and technology of the construction site. Through the optimization of the overall project implementation effect, the efficiency and construction level of the project can be ensured.
       Civil engineering project management is a specific and detailed content. Through the analysis of the content of civil engineering structure, the actual economic structure changes and development optimization level are determined. The actual form and development level of civil engineering are promoted and promoted to expand the characteristics of economic development form. In depth analysis of the characteristics of human natural transformation forms, the scale effect of various buildings, modeling, the complexity of science and technology level are judged, the actual scientific and technological effect of various building materials in construction, the specific construction characteristics of traditional civil engineering, and the specific challenges of civil engineering project construction management are analyzed. Through the analysis of the specific characteristics of scientific and technological forms, innovative methods, starting from the demand, accurately judge the characteristics of civil engineering project management, clearly grasp the overall construction development trend of civil engineering, and strengthen the judgment of comprehensive economic knowledge and the analysis of the trend of the times.

前 言

在房屋建设的工程开展过程中，为了保证工程的有序开展，成本的合理控制以及安全性的全面保障，必不可少的要注重管理工作的开展与优化。实际管理工作的开展需针对施工现场的物资、材料、人员以及技术进行调整与搭配，通过整体工程开展效果的优化，保证工程的开展效率与建设水平。
        土木工程项目管理是一项具体细致的内容，通过完善的土木工程结构内容分析，确定实际经济结构变化，发展优化水平，对土木工程的实际形式，发展水平进行促进和提升，拓展经济发展形式特点。深入分析人类自然改造形式特点，对各类建筑物的规模效果，造型，科技水平的复杂程度进行判断，分析施工中各类建筑材料的实际科技效果，传统土木工程的具体施工特点，土木工程项目施工管理的具体挑战内容。通过分析具体的科技形式特点，创新作用方法，从需求出发，准确的判断土木工程项目管理特点，明确把握土木工程的整体施工发展趋势，加强综合经济知识的判断和时代走势的分析。