With the rapid development of social economy, the change of natural environment and the frequent occurrence of disasters, people pay more attention to the quality and level of emergency medical care. With the unique position and function of nurses in disease, disaster and other medical practice becoming more and more obvious, how to cultivate nursing students with high level of first aid has become the top priority of current international nursing higher education. 

There are eight chapters in this book. The first chapter introduces the basic situation and research status of first aid and first aid nursing, first aid medical service system, pre hospital first aid nursing and training; after that, we divided into seven chapters: basic rescue, first aid, pre hospital first aid, common emergency and critical cases, pre hospital common first aid technology, monitoring technology during the transportation of critical patients and pre hospital first aid training to study the basic knowledge of first aid nursing, on-site first aid process, emergency plan and pre hospital first aid technology and training of different critical cases. 

This book can be used as training materials for professional first-aid institutions, reference books for professional pre hospital first-aid medical staff, as well as learning and reference materials for other relevant personnel.

前 言

随着社会经济的高速发展，自然环境的变迁，灾害的频发使人们更加重视急救医疗质量与水平。随着护士在疾病， 灾害等医护实践中的独特地位和功能日益明显，如何培养高急救水平的护生也成为当前国际护理高等教育关注的重中之重。

本书共八章，第一章绪论部分简要介绍了急救与急救护理、急救医疗服务体系、院前急救护理与培训的基本情况与研究现状；后分救护基础、急救护理、院前急救护理、常见急危重症、院前常用急救技术、危重症患者转运途中的监护技术与院前急救培训七章分别研究了急救护理基本常识、现场急救流程、应急方案和不同急危重症的院前急救技术与培训。

本书可作为专业急救机构的培训教材、专业院前急救医护人员的参考图书，也可供其他相关人员学习、参考。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, in order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of economy and accelerate the process of socialist modernization, China has clearly put forward the urbanization strategy, and the speed of urbanization has been accelerating. The corresponding infrastructure construction, such as urban indemnificatory residential engineering, transportation facilities, urban water supply, gas supply and heating facilities has also developed. However, at present, the funds in China’s financial budget are far from meeting the needs of infrastructure construction. At the same time, the private surplus funds have expanded unprecedentedly and maintained stable development. How to make better use of these non governmental capital and let it participate in the infrastructure construction of our country has become a realistic problem in front of us. The development of public private partnership (PPP) provides a way to solve this problem. 

After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has strengthened the Reform and Opening up. From the first mention of PPP mode at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the introduction of relevant policies by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, PPP mode has been gradually popularized in China and relevant policies have been gradually improved. PPP model not only uses idle social funds to relieve the pressure of financial budget funds, but also enables the government and the private sector to establish a cooperative relationship in the field of infrastructure construction, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and complement each others’ advantages, so as to better play their respective roles and advantages, reasonably allocate resources, put an end to resource abuse, optimize the allocation of resources, improve the use efficiency of resources, meet the public demand, improve the social governance function, and ensure the quality of infrastructure and public products.

前 言

进入 21 世纪以来， 为促进经济的持续健康发展， 加快社会主义现代化建设进程，我国明确提出城镇化战略，城镇化速度不断加快，相应的城市保障性居住工程、运输设施、城市供水供气供暖设施等基础设施建设也随之发展。但是，当前我国财政预算内的资金远远无法满足基础设施建设的需要，与此同时，民间剩余资金却空前膨胀，且保持了稳定发展。如何更好地利用这些民间资本，让其参与到我国基础设施建设中，成为摆在我们面前的现实问题。政府和社会资本合作模（Public PrivatePartnership，简称 PPP 模式）的发展为解决这一问题提供了思路。

党的第十八次全国代表大会以后，国家加大了改革开放的力度。从党的十八届三中全会首次提到 PPP 模式，到国家发改委、财政部等陆续出台相关政策， PPP 模式在国内逐渐得到了普及，相关政策也得到了逐步完善。 PPP 模式不仅利用社会闲置资金缓解了财政预算资金压力，而且使得政府部门和私营部门在基础设施建设领域建立起合作关系，扬长避短，优势互补，从而更好地发挥了他们各自的作用以及各自的优势，合理调配资源，杜绝资源滥用，优化了资源的配置，提高了资源的使用效率，满足了公共需求，完善了社会治理功能，保障了基础设施和公共产品质量。

China is a major agricultural country. As a primary industry, the development of agriculture is directly related to national economy and people’s livelihood. In the development of traditional agriculture, due to the reliance on manpower, there are strong limitations in crop types, yields and other aspects. The development of agriculture is inseparable from the support of science and technology. If we can make full use of science and technology to promote and spread agricultural knowledge and apply it to specific agricultural production, not only can more agricultural workers understand the relevant technology to achieve the effect of technology promotion and popularization, but also can effectively improve the efficiency of agricultural production and reduce the degree of human labor.
In addition to agricultural technology development and basic theories, this book also focuses on the whole process of agricultural breeding, planting, growth, management from the aspects of genetic improvement of crops, crop planting, agricultural technology service mode and mechanism, agricultural operation and management, and quality and safety management of agricultural products in China. Also, it summarizes the experience of technology and management from traditional agriculture to modernization and mechanization in China. It is a rare agronomy tool book suitable for popularizing agricultural technology.

前 言
我国属于农业大国，作为第一产业，农业的发展直接关系到国计民生。在传统农业发展中，由于多依靠人力方式，在农作物种类、产量等方面均受到较强局限性。农业的发展离不开科技的支撑，若能充分利用科学技术推广与传播农业知识并应用于具体农业生产中，不仅能够让更多农业工作者了解相关技术，达到技术的推广与普及效果，还能够有效提升农业生产效率，降低人力劳动程度。
本书除农业技术发展与基础理论外、还从农作物的遗传改良、农作物种植、我国农业技术服务模式与机制、农业经营管理、我国农产品质量安全管理几方面重点介绍了农业育种、种植、生长、经营管理的全过程，总结了我国传统农业到现代化、机械化发展技术与管理经验，是本不可多得的、适宜推广农技的农学工具书。

With the development and progress of society, energy occupies an important position in the process of human development and is an important material basis, while coal is China’s main energy main body. For a long time, it has played an important role as the main body. With the needs of economic development, the extraction of energy has gradually deepened. The mining and utilization of coal must be comprehensively considered from the aspects of technology, safety, environment, and economy to achieve sustainable development of coal. The frequent occurrence of coal mining accidents now becomes the focus of future attention to the mining safety of coal mines. It is necessary to increase the innovative use of science and technology, study new mining technologies, ensure the safety of mining and sustainable development of energy, reduce the possible safety risks, and better promote the efficient mining and utilization of coal mines. 

This book mainly explains the mining and safety management of coal mines in an all-round way, starting with the basic common knowledge of coal mining, and describes the technical methods needed for coal mining and the new technology research for safe coal mining, explain and manage the technical aspects of the coal mining process, pay attention to and study the safety issues in the coal mining process and the measures that need to be taken, establishment and management of the information system of coal mining. The coal mine should be exploited reasonably, not excessively, and keep the balanced development with the ecological construction.

前 言
随着社会的发展和进步，能源在人类发展过程中占据着重要位置，是重要的物质基础，而煤炭是我国主要的能源主体。在很长时间里都充当着重要的主体地位，随着经济发展的需要，对于能源的开采也逐渐深入加强。对于煤炭的开采和利用要从技术、安全、环境、经济等方面全方位考虑，实现煤炭的可持续发展。现在的煤炭开采事故频发，对于煤矿的开采安全问题成为以后的关注重点，应该加大科技的创新利用，研究新的开采技术，保证开采的安全性和能源的可持续发展，降低可能带来的安全风险，更好地促进煤矿的高效开采利用。
本书主要对于煤矿的开采和安全管理方面做了全方位的阐述，从煤矿开采的基础常识知识入手，讲述了煤矿开采需要用到的技术手段以及现在对于安全采煤用到的新技术研究。对于煤矿开采过程中的技术方面的讲解和管理；煤矿开采过程中的安全问题的重视和研究以及需要采取的措施；开采煤矿要注意合理不能过度保持与生态建设的平衡发展；煤矿开采的信息体系的建立以及管理。

China’s coal mines are widely distributed and their distribution is complex. With the rapid development of China’s coal industry, the mining scale of coal mines is gradually expanding. Therefore, in view of the distribution of coal mines and the distribution of coal mines in China, coal mining enterprises need to ensure the safety of production in the process of coal mining, and at the same time use advanced geological survey technology to survey the mining conditions and mining environment, so as to improve the safety and economic benefits of coal mining. 

With the development of China’s coal industry, in the process of coal mining, the work effect of coal mine geological survey directly affects the safety of coal mining. Therefore, coal mining enterprises need to pay more attention to the work of coal mine geological survey. At the same time, they also need take effective measures to promote the application of coal mine geological survey technology, use advanced survey technology, improve the effect of survey work, provide reliable support for the safety of coal mine production, improve the safety of coal mining work, and provide important guarantee for mining and production work.

前 言
我国煤矿分布范围广泛，并且分布情况较为复杂，随着我国煤炭行业的快速发展，煤矿的开采规模也在逐渐扩大，因此，针对我国的煤矿分布范围和煤矿分布情况，煤矿企业在进行煤矿开采的过程中需要保证安全生产，同时采用先进的煤矿地质勘测技术对煤矿开采条件和开采环境进行勘测，从而提高煤矿开采的安全性和经济效益。
随着我国煤炭行业的发展，在煤炭开采过程中，煤矿地质勘测工作的工作效果直接影响到煤矿开采工作的安全性，因此，煤矿企业需要加强对煤矿地质勘测工作的重视，与此同时，采取有效措施推动煤矿地质勘测技术的应用，利用先进的勘测技术，提高勘测工作的效果，为煤矿的安全生产提供可靠支撑，同时提高煤矿开采工作的安全性，为开采及生产工作提供重要保障。