With the continuous expansion of the city, the construction technology of urban road and bridge engineering involved in urban planning becomes more and more important. However, at present, there are many problems in the construction technology of urban road and bridge engineering, which need comprehensive technical innovation. The focus of this paper is to discuss the feasibility of improvement from the urban road and bridge engineering, so as to improve the construction of urban road and bridge engineering. At present, the construction quality and safety of bridge engineering are concerned by the whole society, which not only affects the success or failure of engineering construction and the benefit of the project, but also has an important impact on the safety of people's life and property and social stability. The research results on bridge construction quality and safety are very rich. The existing research on bridge construction quality management focuses on the aspects of bridge construction technology, quality control of construction party, quality management system, methods and measures, while the research on the construction of quality management system involving all parties from the perspective of systematization is few; the research on bridge construction safety focuses on safety management technology, methods, safety management mechanism, and so on, while the systematic and comprehensive research on safety management is less.
     This book mainly explains the relevant contents of urban bridge and road construction. Through the construction of bridge safety construction management system, we can understand the importance and necessity of construction safety. The safety of bridge construction is very important for the project itself and social development. Scientific and reasonable strengthening of project safety management and control is the top priority.
      Due to the limited level of writing, we sincerely invite colleagues, experts and scholars to criticize and correct the book, which may have omissions or even mistakes.

前 言

随着城市不断地扩张，城市规划涉及的城市道路和桥梁工程施工技术就越发显得重要，不过目前城市道路和桥梁工程施工技术存在着诸多问题，需要进行全面的技术革新，本文的重点就是从城市道路与桥梁工程问题着手来探讨改善的可行性，由此来提升城市道路与桥梁工程的施工。目前，桥梁工程施工质量、安全问题受到全社会的普遍关注，其优劣不仅关系工程建设的成败与项目效益的好坏，且对人民生命财产安全及社会稳定产生重要影响。关于桥梁施工质量安全的研究成果很丰富，现有的关于桥梁施工质量管理的研究侧重于桥梁施工技术、施工方质量控制、质量管理体制、方法和措施等方面，而从系统化视角构建各方参与的质量管理体系的研究不多；桥梁工程施工安全方面的研究则多侧重于安全管理技术、方法、安全管理机制等方面，系统、全面地研究安全管理的较少。
      本文主要讲解了城市桥梁道路建设的相关内容，通过对桥梁的安全施工管理体系的建设，我们可以了解到施工安全的重要性和必要性，桥梁工程施工的安全性对于工程本身和社会发展都至关重要，科学合理地加强工程安全管控是重中之重。

Since the 20th century, with the digital development of computer science and information technology, electronic information technology has been widely used, crossed, infiltrated and integrated in the field of medical science and technology, forming many new medical science and technology concepts, methods, technologies and means. This makes a qualitative leap in the knowledge and practical work of clinical medicine, basic medicine, preventive medicine, medical engineering, hospital management and health management.
     This book first introduces the basic medical theories, such as medical treatment, medical reform, medical accidents, medical insurance and dishonesty punishment, regional medical treatment and informatization, and the development trend and medical informatization of medical industry, and then focuses on the planning of national medical and health service system, market investment and Countermeasures of intelligent medical treatment, spatial layout of medical information resources, safety and concealment of regional medical and health archives and the content of private protection and the construction of family doctor information platform. With the scientific attitude of combining theory with practice and case supporting theory, this book explains the current situation and measures of modern medical information technology and its clinical medicine application, in order to provide a suitable reference book for the medical staff fighting in the front line of disease, and to contribute to the development of medical information industry in China.

前 言

世纪以来，随着计算机科学和信息技术的数字化发展，电子信息技术在医学科技领域中得到广泛的应用、交叉、渗透、融合，形成了许多崭新的医学科技理念、方法、技术和手段，促使临床医学、基础医学、预防医学、医学工程、医院管理和卫生管理等各方面学科知识和实际工作都产生了质的飞跃。
       本书先介绍了医疗、医改、医疗事故、医疗保险与失信惩戒、区域医疗及其信息化等基础医疗理论与医疗行业发展趋势与医疗信息化，再重点论述了全国医疗卫生服务体系规划、智慧医疗的市场投资及对策、健康医疗信息资源空间布局、区域医疗健康档案安全与隐私保护以及家庭医生信息平台建设的内容， 以理论联系实际，案例支撑理论的科学态度，阐释了现代医疗信息技术及其临床医学应用现状及其措施，以期为奋战在疾病一线的广大医务人员提供一本且适合用的工具书，为我国医疗信息化事业的发展添砖加瓦。

Resource-based cities have sprung up due to large-scale resource development, which has made outstanding contributions to the development of industrialization and urbanization in China. Due to the unbalanced distribution of resources, coupled with the rapid speed of urban construction and large land occupation, the land use mode of resource-based cities is generally extensive and inefficient, which is not conducive to the sustainable use of land resources and the long-term development of cities. In recent years, many resource-based cities are facing the problems of resource exhaustion, the decline of traditional pillar industries and the gradual decline of cities. In addition, under the “New Normal”, the national economic growth slows down, and all localities vigorously promote supply side structural reform to promote the transformation of new and old driving forces of the economy. Under such a background, it is more urgent for resource-based cities to break through difficulties and seek new space for urban and industrial development. Facing the dilemma of protecting cultivated land and ensuring development, the sustainable use of land has become a very sensitive and key issue in the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities.
       In recent years, although there have been many achievements in the study of real estate financial risk in China, they have been studied and discussed from different perspectives. There are four obvious differences between this book and the similar researches: first, the background of the times is different. At present, China’s economy is in the new normal of economic development and the new situation of adjustment and risk increase in the real estate market. This book adapts to the new background of major changes in the real estate market; second, the research field of vision is different. This book extends the research field to a broad sense of risk including real estate private finance; third, the focus of the study is different. This book puts forward a constructive and systematic target model of China’s real estate financial risk management in the future, as well as a set of targeted countermeasures and suggestions to achieve this target model; the four is the different theoretical viewpoints. The previous research basically follows the traditional theoretical paradigm, and the study of this book breaks through the shackles of traditional theory. For example, the book does not believe that risk and bubble are proportional relations, but rather has a phased feature.

前 言

资源型城市因大规模资源开发而兴起，为我国工业化、城镇化发展做出了突出贡献。由于资源分布的不均衡性，加上城市建设速度快、占地面积大等原因，资源型城市土地利用方式普遍比较粗放、效率不高，不利于土地资源的可持续利用与城市的长远发展。近年来，许多资源型城市面临资源日益枯竭、传统支柱产业开始衰败、城市逐渐衰落等问题。加上“新常态”下，全国经济增速放缓，各地大力推进供给侧结构性改革，促进经济新旧动能的转换。在这样的大背景下，资源型城市力求突破困境，谋求城市、产业发展新空间的紧迫性更加强烈。面对保护耕地与保障发展的“两难”局面，土地可持续利用成为资源型城市转型与可持续发展的一个非常敏感且关键的问题。
       关于对我国房地产金融风险问题的研究，近年来虽然也出现了不少成果，分别从不同角度进行了研究和探讨，本书与同类研究存在四个明显的差异：一是时代背景不同，当前我国经济处于经济发展新常态及房地产市场出现调整、风险增大的新形势下，本书适应了房地产市场重大转向的新背景；二是研究视野不同，本书将研究视野拓展到了包括房地产民间金融在内的广义风险；三是研究的重点不同，本书提出了具有建设性的比较系统的房地产金融风险管理的未来中国目标模式，以及要实现该目标模式，同时又提出了一整套有针对性的对策建议；四是理论观点不同，以往的研究基本上是遵循传统的理论范式， 而本书的研究则突破了传统理论的束缚，如本书认为风险与泡沫并不一定成正比例关系，而是具有阶段性特征等。

Resource-based cities have sprung up due to large-scale resource development, which has made outstanding contributions to the development of industrialization and urbanization in China. Due to the unbalanced distribution of resources, coupled with the rapid speed of urban construction and large land occupation, the land use mode of resource-based cities is generally extensive and inefficient, which is not conducive to the sustainable use of land resources and the long-term development of cities. In recent years, many resource-based cities are facing the problems of resource exhaustion, the decline of traditional pillar industries and the gradual decline of cities. In addition, under the “New Normal”, the national economic growth slows down, and all localities vigorously promote supply side structural reform to promote the transformation of new and old driving forces of the economy. Under such a background, it is more urgent for resource-based cities to break through difficulties and seek new space for urban and industrial development. Facing the dilemma of protecting cultivated land and ensuring development, the sustainable use of land has become a very sensitive and key issue in the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities.
In recent years, although there have been many achievements in the study of real estate financial risk in China, they have been studied and discussed from different perspectives. There are four obvious differences between this book and the similar researches: first, the background of the times is different. At present, China’s economy is in the new normal of economic development and the new situation of adjustment and risk increase in the real estate market. This book adapts to the new background of major changes in the real estate market; second, the research field of vision is different. This book extends the research field to a broad sense of risk including real estate private finance; third, the focus of the study is different. This book puts forward a constructive and systematic target model of China’s real estate financial risk management in the future, as well as a set of targeted countermeasures and suggestions to achieve this target model; the four is the different theoretical viewpoints. The previous research basically follows the traditional theoretical paradigm, and the study of this book breaks through the shackles of traditional theory. For example, the book does not believe that risk and bubble are proportional relations, but rather has a phased feature.

前 言

资源型城市因大规模资源开发而兴起，为我国工业化、城镇化发展做出了突出贡献。由于资源分布的不均衡性，加上城市建设速度快、占地面积大等原因，资源型城市土地利用方式普遍比较粗放、效率不高，不利于土地资源的可持续利用与城市的长远发展。近年来，许多资源型城市面临资源日益枯竭、传统支柱产业开始衰败、城市逐渐衰落等问题。加上“新常态”下，全国经济增速放缓，各地大力推进供给侧结构性改革，促进经济新旧动能的转换。在这样的大背景下，资源型城市力求突破困境，谋求城市、产业发展新空间的紧迫性更加强烈。面对保护耕地与保障发展的“两难”局面，土地可持续利用成为资源型城市转型与可持续发展的一个非常敏感且关键的问题。
        关于对我国房地产金融风险问题的研究，近年来虽然也出现了不少成果，分别从不同角度进行了研究和探讨，本书与同类研究存在四个明显的差异：一是时代背景不同，当前我国经济处于经济发展新常态及房地产市场出现调整、风险增大的新形势下，本书适应了房地产市场重大转向的新背景；二是研究视野不同，本书将研究视野拓展到了包括房地产民间金融在内的广义风险；三是研究的重点不同，本书提出了具有建设性的比较系统的房地产金融风险管理的未来中国目标模式，以及要实现该目标模式，同时又提出了一整套有针对性的对策建议；四是理论观点不同，以往的研究基本上是遵循传统的理论范式， 而本书的研究则突破了传统理论的束缚，如本书认为风险与泡沫并不一定成正比例关系，而是具有阶段性特征等。

Municipal Engineering refers to the construction of municipal facilities. Municipal facilities refer to all kinds of buildings, structures, equipment, etc. which are set up within the planning and construction scope of urban areas, towns (townships) and provide residents with paid or free public products and services based on the responsibilities and obligations of the government. Municipal works mainly include urban roads, bridges, water supply and drainage, sewage treatment, urban flood control, gardens, road greening, street lamps, environmental sanitation and other urban public utilities. The project management of municipal engineering in China has gone through the course of more than 20 years, forming a project management mechanism with modern management significance. But there are still many problems and deficiencies, especially in recent years when China’s market economy is gradually improving, it is more necessary to innovate and explore the modern construction project management mode with Chinese characteristics in order to meet the needs of the development of market economy.
      This book mainly describes from two parts, the first part mainly describes the construction technology of road engineering, and the second part mainly describes the municipal engineering project management, hoping to help the work of relevant staff.

前 言

市政工程是指市政设施建设工程。市政设施是指在城市区、镇（乡）规划建设范围内设置、基于政府责任和义务为居民提供有偿或无偿公共产品和服务的各种建筑物、构筑物、设备等。市政主要包括：指城市道路、桥梁、给排水、污水处理、城市防洪、园林、道路绿化、路灯、环境卫生等城市公用事业工程。我国市政工程的项目管理已走过了二十几年的历程，形成了具有现代管理意义的项目管理机制，但还存在很多问题和不足，特别是在近几年我国市场经济逐步完善的情况下，更需要不断创新，探索有中国特色的现代建设工程项目施工管理模式，以适应市场经济发展的需要。
        本书主要从两篇内容进行叙述，上篇主要对道路工程类的施工技术进行阐述，下篇主要对市政工程项目管理进行说明，希望能够有助于相关工作人员的工作进行和开展。