Enterprise safety culture is the fundamental factor to realize enterprise safety production. The basic purpose of building enterprise safety culture is to improve people’s safety quality. The most fundamental embodiment of people’s safety quality is people’s safety consciousness: “consciousness determines behavior, behavior performance quality, quality determines destiny”. Therefore, through the construction of enterprise safety culture, to improve the safety quality of all employees is a strategic move for enterprise safety development, is a fundamental policy to ensure safety production, and a long-term plan to prevent safety accidents.
    Positive and effective safety culture is the cornerstone for enterprises to realize intrinsic safety. In order to successfully carry out the construction of enterprise safety culture, it is necessary to change the traditional enterprise safety concept and treat the safety management problems with a new perspective and thinking mode. Enterprises should regard the construction of safety culture as a successful ladder to ensure safe production, safeguard the safety and health of employees, and realize safe production and sustainable development, rather than face work that has to be carried out due to the provisions of national laws and regulations and the wide range of requirements of government regulatory departments at all levels. For those excellent enterprises led by visionary entrepreneurs, safety production and safety development have become the key success factors for enterprises to unite people’s hearts and develop and grow. The construction of safety culture not only does not hinder the realization of the enterprise’s operation benefit goal, but also is an important way for the enterprise to realize the sustainable development goal, and it is also an important magic weapon for the enterprise to increase the cohesion within the enterprise, increase the external influence and comprehensively enhance the competitiveness.

前 言

企业安全文化是实现企业安全生产的根本性因素。建设企业安全文化的最基本目的就是提高人的安全素质。人的安全素质最根本的体现就是人的安全意识：“意识决定行为，行为表现素质，素质决定命运”。因此，通过建设企业安全文化，提高企业全员安全素质，是企业安全发展的战略之举，是保障安全生产的治本之策，是防范安全事故的长效之计。
      积极有效的安全文化是企业实现本质安全的基石。要顺利进行企业安全文化建设， 就必须转变传统的企业安全观念， 用新的视角和思维方式来看待安全管理问题。企业应该将安全文化建设看做是企业保障安全生产、维护职工安全与健康、实现安全生产和可持续发展的成功阶梯，而并非是由于国家法律法规的规定以及各级政府监管部门的要求才不得不进行的面子工作。对那些具有远见卓识的企业家所引领的优秀企业来说，安全生产和安全发展已经成为企业凝聚人心、发展壮大的关键成功要素。安全文化建设不仅不妨碍企业的经营效益目标的实现，而且是企业实现可持续发展目标的重要途径，又是企业内增凝聚力、外增影响力、全面提升竞争力的重要法宝。

At present, the problem of urban road traffic congestion has become a big problem in almost all large and medium-sized cities in China. With the rapid development of China’s economy, the new pattern of modern urban and rural integration has gradually formed. It has become a reality that every family has a car. The rapid development of urban construction and vehicle ownership not only makes the road traffic congestion in big cities in China, but also causes road congestion in some counties and even some small towns. So what is the root cause of this phenomenon? Is it urban planning, or urban road design, or other reasons? As well as with the change of national policy, the development direction of construction market has also changed significantly, and transportation engineering and municipal engineering have gradually taken the leading position. At the same time, the cost control of enterprises has penetrated into the whole construction process, which indicates that enterprises need more cost personnel. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to cultivate comprehensive cost personnel who understand both construction budget and highway and municipal engineering budget.
    This book mainly introduces the problems related to urban road traffic design and cost control, hoping to play a role in attracting jade. It is expected that the defects in the design of urban road construction or reconstruction projects in China can be gradually improved in the near future, and make contributions to the smooth traffic of urban roads in China. There are also some imperfections in this book. Experts and readers are welcome to criticize them.

前 言

目前，城市道路交通拥堵问题已经成为我国几乎所有大中城市令政府头疼、百姓困扰的老大难问题。随着我国经济快速发展，城乡一体化的现代城乡新格局逐步形成，老百姓几乎每家都有汽车已经成为现实。这种城市建设和车辆拥有量的高速发展，不仅使得我国大城市的道路交通拥堵，而且连一些县城，甚至一些小镇都产生道路拥堵问题。 那么这种现象出现的根本原因是什么?是城市规划问题， 还是城市道路设计问题，或是其他原因。以及随着国家政策的改变，建筑市场的发展方向也有了重大转变，交通运输工程和市政工程逐渐取得主导地位。同时企业对成本控制已经深入到整个施工过程，这就预示着企业需要更多的造价人员。因此，培养既懂建筑预算又懂公路和市政工程预算的综合性造价人员是亟须解决的问题。
      本书主要介绍了城市道路交通设计以及造价控制相关的问题，希望能起到拋砖引玉的作用，更加期待我国广大城市道路的建设或改造工程在设计上存在的缺陷能够在不久的将来逐步得到改善，为我国城市道路交通畅通化作出贡献。本书也存在一些不完善的地方，敬请有关专家和读者指正。

Fire is one of the most common disasters that seriously endangers human life and property and directly affects social development and stability. In recent years, with the development of social and economic construction, the number of high-rise buildings is increasing. High-rise and super-high-rise building fires are common all over the world. Although these buildings are generally equipped with more advanced fire-fighting facilities, once the fire happens, people are often unprepared. On June 14, 2017, a 20 storey residential building in the west of London broke out in the early hours of the morning. The fire spread rapidly, and the whole building was instantly submerged in a raging fire. The fire brought serious casualties and property losses, which shows the great harm of the fire.
    Fire protection safety involves all walks of life and thousands of households, and is closely related to economic development, social stability and people’s living and working in peace and contentment. Only when the whole society popularizes safety regulations and scientific and technological knowledge, improves the safety awareness of the whole people, and enhances the prevention ability of the whole people, can the fire hazards be effectively prevented and reduced. Fire protection safety is a scientific, technical, mass and professional work. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate and control the fire protection safety work of governments, organizations, enterprises and institutions. In addition to mastering the necessary knowledge of fire safety management, it is also necessary to learn and master the basic fire prevention and fire extinguishing technical knowledge such as fire combustion principle, fire risk category of materials and production technology, dangerous goods, production process, production equipment, electrical, building and fire-fighting facilities. Only by mastering these basic knowledge can we lay a foundation for the improvement of fire safety management quality and technical level, and provide specific methods and measures for solving practical problems in fire protection safety management.

With the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous progress of science and technology, great changes have taken place in the market demand of water conservancy and hydropower projects, which poses more, newer and higher challenges to safety production. In addition, in recent years, the state has continuously strengthened the construction of safety production regulations, promulgated and revised a series of laws and regulations and technical standards, and established a series of safety production management systems. It is necessary to urge the main person in charge of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction enterprises, project leaders and full-time safety production management personnel to update the safety production knowledge in time and improve the safety production management ability.
    Water conservancy and hydropower projects usually have the characteristics of long construction period, large investment scale, complex engineering technology, many uncertain factors in construction, and difficult construction quality control. Facing a new round of rapid development of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the quality management personnel of water conservancy and hydropower projects should have solid quality management theory and higher quality management ability. Therefore, the quality detection and control research of water conservancy and hydropower projects has become the current theme. Only by better grasping the quality of the project, can the water conservancy and hydropower project play its maximum effect, and then promote the economic and social development of our country.
    With the extensive and orderly development of assessment and training for quality inspection personnel of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the ability and quality of the majority of water conservancy and hydropower project quality inspection practitioners will continue to improve. The quality inspection of water conservancy and hydropower projects will be more standardized and healthy to promote and develop, so as to ensure the quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects, build more high-quality projects, and promote the technical progress of the industry.

前 言

随着我国经济快速发展、科学技术不断进步，水利水电工程的市场需求发生了巨大变化，对安全生产提出了更多、更新、更高的挑战，加之近年来国家不断加大了对安全生产法规的建设力度，新颁布和修订了一系列法律法规和技术标准，建立了一系列安全生产管理制度。督促水利水电工程施工企业主要负责人、项目负责人和专职安全生产管理人员及时更新安全生产知识，提高安全生产管理能力。
      水利水电工程通常具有建设周期长、投资规模大、工程技术复杂、施工中不确定性因素多、施工质量控制难度较大等特点， 面对水利水电工程新一轮的快速发展，水利水电工程质量管理人员应具备扎实的质量管理理论和更高的质量管理能力。 所以对水利水电工程的质量检测和控制研究就成为当下的主题， 只有更好地把握工程项目的质量，才能使水利水电工程发挥其最大的成效，进而促进我国的经济社会发展。       

随着水利水电工程的质量质量检测人员考核培训的广泛、有序开展，广大水利水电工程质量检测从业人员的能力与素质将不断提高，水利水电工程质量检测工作必将更加规范、健康地推进和发展，从而为保证水利水电工程质量、建设更多的优质工程、促进行业技术进步发挥巨大的作用。

The modern coal-fired boiler is an equipment which consumes a lot of energy. How to do a good job in boiler operation and energy saving is very important. This paper explores the possibility of energy-saving of coal-fired boiler from the aspects of boiler technical transformation, fuel saving control and operator management training, so as to provide reference for energy-saving operation of coal-fired boiler in actual production.
    Energy conservation and emission reduction is of great significance to the implementation of the scientific development concept, the construction of a harmonious socialist society, the improvement of people’s quality of life and the realization of sound and rapid economic and social development. The outline of China’s 11th Five Year Plan puts forward the constraint targets of reducing energy consumption per unit GDP by 20% and reducing the emission of main pollutants by 10%. The national energy conservation and emission reduction work conference clearly proposed to form a work pattern of energy conservation and emission reduction with the government as the leading role, enterprises as the main body and the whole society jointly promoting. There is a large space for energy saving of special equipment, especially for industrial boilers. Due to unreasonable structural design, uncoordinated auxiliary equipment, inconsistent coal type with design and improper operation, the energy consumption is too large. At present, the average thermal efficiency of industrial boilers in China is lower 10% ~ 15% than that in developed countries. If effective measures are taken to increase the average thermal efficiency of coal-fired industrial boilers by 10%, 60 million tons of coal can be saved every year. It is of great significance to explore the using methods of boilers and to further study the energy conservation and emission reduction of boilers for resource saving and promoting the healthy development of society.

前 言

现代的燃煤锅炉是一个能源消耗很大的设备，如何做好锅炉运行和对能源的节省，本文从锅炉的技术改造，燃料的节约控制和操作工人管理培训等方面探索了燃煤锅炉节能的可能性，为实际生产中燃煤锅炉的节能运作提供参考。
      节能减排对贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会，对提高人民生活质量、实现经济社会又好又快发展，具有极其重要而深远的意义。我国“十一五”规划《纲要》提出了“十一五”单位 GDP 能耗降低 20%、主要污染物排量减少 10%的约束性目标。全国节能减排工作会议，明确提出了要尽快形成以政府为主导、企业为主体、全社会共同推进的节能减排工作格局。特种设备节能空间很大，尤其是工业锅炉，由于结构设计不合理、辅机配套不协调、可用煤种与设计不符、运行操作不当等因素，造成能源消耗量过大。目前我国工业锅炉平均热效率与工业发达国家相比要低 10%~15%，如果采取有效措施，使燃煤工业锅炉平均实际热效率提高10%，每年可节煤 6000 万吨。可以说，探究锅炉使用方式以及深入研究锅炉节能减排对资源节约以及促进社会健康发展都具有非常重要的意义。