With the rapid development of science and technology and economy in China, metallurgical engineering has achieved unprecedented development. And metallurgical engineering design has a special meaning for the development of metallurgical engineering. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of theoretical knowledge and more and more practice, our country has been qualified for large-scale iron and steel production. The theory of metallurgical engineering design is constantly improving. Gradually formed in line with the national conditions of China’s design, production ideas and their own unique research methods. As far as the current production level of China is concerned, our country has been in the forefront of the world. It has been used for reference and recognized by many countries in the world. This paper mainly analyzes and introduces the design process and development process of metallurgical engineering. In the future development process of metallurgical enterprises, in addition to the original metallurgical functions, many other functions are added to improve the production efficiency, ensure the quality and protect the environment, which is consistent with the market development. In this way, the core competitiveness of the enterprise can be enhanced, and the healthy and sustainable development of the enterprise can be ensured. The production cost should be reasonably controlled to improve the production efficiency and reduce the waste of resources. Therefore, the enterprise must carry on the innovation to the design idea and the design aspect, will raise the production level.
    This book introduces in detail the basic knowledge, basic concepts, design ideas, design methods and design steps of metallurgical engineering process design. Metallurgical engineering design and construction is a comprehensive technology, which is based on engineering science and focuses on application. In order to transform the scientific and technological achievements of relevant leading cities into productive forces as soon as possible, in addition to the theoretical literacy of scientific and technological personnel and whether they have mastered the correct development methods, understanding and mastering the basic principles and methods of design is another important influencing factor.

前 言

随着我国科技与经济的快速发展，冶金工程取得了前所未有的发展。而冶金工程设计对于冶金工程的发展有着非同一般的含义。在我国这些年理论知识的不断完善,实践越来越多的条件下，我们国家已经具备了大型钢铁生产的资格。冶金工程设计理论也在不断完善。逐步形成符合我国国情的设计，生产理念以及自己独特的研究方法。就我国目前成产水平，我国已经挤在世界前列。得到国际上许多国家的借鉴和认可。本文将主要分析介绍冶金工程的设计过程和发展历程。冶金企业在今后的发展过程当中，在基于原有的冶金功能之外，还添加了许多其他方面的功能，在将生产效率提升的同时，确保质量，对环境起到保护的作用，与市场发展相吻合，如此以来便可将企业的核心竞争力提升上来，确保企业的健康可持续发展，对冶金生产的成本进行合理控制，将生产效率提升上来，减少资源的浪费情况。所以，企业必须要对设计理念和设计方面进行创新，将生产水平提升上来。
       本书详细介绍了冶金工程工艺设计的基础知识、基本概念、设计思想、设计方法以及设计步骤等。冶金工程设计与施工是一门综合技术，它基于工程科学，重点是应用。要把相关领城科技成果尽快转化为生产力，除了科技和工程人员自身的理论素养和是否掌握了正确的开发方法外，了解并掌握设计的基本原理和方法是另一重要的影响因素。

Literature and art work is an important part of the cause of the Party and the state. Whether during the revolutionary war or peacebuilding, under the leadership of the Party, artists held the torch of the national spirit and sounded the clarion call for progress of the times, playing an irreplaceable and important role in rallying strength and inspiring people through various artistic means. As the saying goes, “art” is based on “thought”. Without correct theoretical direction and profound historical accumulation, it is difficult to make achievements in art. Students of art colleges and universities should shoulder the mission of the times of prospering socialist advanced culture and improving China’s cultural soft power, and the historical responsibility of reflecting people’s spiritual world and leading people’s spiritual life. It is the ultimate goal of talent training in art colleges and universities and the fundamental guarantee for the great development and prosperity of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics to cultivate and bring up a large number of artistic talents with noble ideological quality, good moral cultivation and solid professional skills.
    Although the number of art students in total is far less than that of liberal arts students and science students, but they participate in social art life in a wide and deep degree, and have a high chance to become public figures and even stars, and have a great influence in social life. In addition, due to the negative influence of social art life, their art worship often becomes deformed and distorted, and some bad artists with bad behaviors (such as drug taking, speculation, nudity, vulgar and kitsch behaviors like paid waitresses) even become the objects of imitation of art students in school. This situation highlights the particularity, difficulty and importance of ideological and political theory teaching in art colleges after enrollment expansion.

前 言

文艺工作是党和国家事业的重要组成部分。 无论在革命战争年代还是在和平建设时期，广大文艺工作者在党的领导下，高擎民族精神火炬，吹响时代进步号角，通过各种艺术方式凝聚力量、鼓舞人心，发挥了不可替代的重要作用。俗话说“艺”基于“思”。没有正确的理论方向，缺少深厚的历史积淀，就难以在艺术上有所建树。艺术院校的学生要担负起繁荣社会主义先进文化、 提高我国文化软实力的时代使命和反映人民精神世界、引领人民精神生活的历史重任。培养和造就大量具有高尚思想品质和良好道德修养、掌握扎实专业技能的德艺双馨的艺术人才，是艺术院校人才培养的最终目标，也是推动中国特色社会主义文化大发展和大繁荣的根本保证。

艺术生的人数在总量上虽然远远不及文科生、理科生多，但他们参与社会艺术生活的面广而且程度深，成为社会公众人物乃至明星的几率高，在社会生活中的影响特别大。加之社会艺术生活的不良影响，他们的艺术崇拜也往往变得畸形和扭曲，一些有不良行为（如吸毒、炒作、裸露、有偿陪侍等低俗、庸俗、媚俗行为）的不良艺人甚至成为在校艺术生的模仿对象。这种状况，更加凸显了扩招之后艺术院校思想政治理论课教学的特殊性、艰巨性和重要性。

The construction of water conservancy project is the work of building water conservancy project according to the requirements of engineering structure, quantity, quality, progress and cost proposed by the design. The application, operation, maintenance and protection of water conservancy project is an important part of water conservancy project management. After the completion of water conservancy project, effective management is necessary to achieve the expected effect and verify the correctness of original planning and design; the basic task of project management is to maintain the integrity and safety of engineering buildings and equipment, and make them in good technical condition; in order to control, regulate, distribute and use water resources, we should correctly use water conservancy engineering equipment, and give full play to the benefits of flood control, irrigation and water supply, drainage, power generation, shipping and environmental protection. Doing well in the construction and management of water conservancy project is a powerful guarantee for the function of the project.
    Due to the vast territory of our country, the natural conditions in different regions are very different, and the structures of water conservancy projects are changeable. Due to the restriction of hydrometeorological conditions, the construction of water conservancy projects is seasonal; due to the complex terrain and geological conditions, many projects are located in remote mountainous areas, and the transportation is inconvenient. Therefore, it is of great significance and role to ensure the quality of the project, shorten the construction period, reduce the project cost and improve the project efficiency.
    Due to the limited experience of the editor, there are inevitably shortcomings anderrors in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

水利工程施工是按照设计提出的工程结构、数量、质量、进度及造价等要求修建水利工程的工作。水利工程的运用、操作、维修和保护工作，是水利工程管理的重要组成部分，水利工程建成后，必须通过有效的管理，才能实现预期的效果和验证原来规划、 设计的正确性； 工程管理的基本任务是保持工程建筑物和设备的完整、安全，使其处于良好的技术状况；正确运用水利工程设备，以控制、调节、分配、使用水资源，充分发挥其防洪、灌溉供水、排水、发电、航运、环境保护等效益。做好水利工程的施工与管理是发挥工程功能的鸟之两翼、车之双轮。
       由于我国幅员辽阔， 各地区自然条件差异甚大， 水利工程枢纽建筑物千变万化。水利工程建设中由于受水文气象条件制约，施工季节性强；因地形地质条件复杂，工程又多地处偏远山区，交通运输不便，其工程困难极多。因此认真做好水利工程设计，对保证工程质量、缩短建设周期、降低工程造价和提高工程效益等都有十分重要的意义和作用。
       由于编者的经验有限， 书中难免存在缺点和错误， 敬请各位读者给子批评和指正。

With the development of economy and the progress of society, the civilization level of human life is constantly improving. Today, a variety of interior decoration materials and household appliances have entered thousands of households. People’s work, study, entertainment and other activities have turned to indoor. This makes more and more people gradually away from the natural environment, more time is spent indoors, especially in the small environment of the family. Therefore, the relationship between indoor microclimate, microclimate and people’s health is more close and more important.
    Indoor environmental problems involve thousands of households, indoor air quality will directly affect people’s health. In recent years, due to the indoor decoration, the use of air conditioning and the increase of indoor airtightness, as well as the relatively narrow living room and other reasons, a variety of chemical substances enter the room, resulting in indoor air quality deterioration. Air containing toxic and harmful chemical pollutants and biological pollutants is recycled for many times, which results in nerve stimulation damage and immune function decline. In particular, the elderly, young, sick, disabled, pregnant and other vulnerable groups spend a long time in indoor activities, and the impact is more serious.
    The adverse consequences of indoor environmental problems to people’s health have attracted great attention of our government. In order to control indoor air pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment , National Health Commission and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other government departments have formulated the corresponding indoor environmental quality evaluation standards, health standards and pollution control norms, monitoring and evaluating indoor air pollution, and protecting people’s health according to law. Due to the limited experience of the editor, there are inevitably mistakes in the editing of this book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct it.

前 言

随着经济的发展和社会的进步，人类生活的文明程度不断提高。如今，各种室内装修材料和家用电器等已走进千家万户。人们的工作、学习、娱乐等活动不少都已转向室内进行。这样就使得越来越多的人逐渐远离了自然界的大环境，更多的时间是在室内，尤其是在家庭的小环境中度过。因此，室内的小气候、小环境与人们健康的关系就显得更为密切、更为重要。
      室内环境问题涉及千家万户，室内空气质量的优劣将直接影响人们的健康。近年来由于室内装修，使用空调和居室密闭程度增加，以及居室相对狭小等原因，致使多种化学物质进入居室造成室内空气质量恶化。含有有毒有害化学污染物和生物污染物的空气多次循环使用，对人体造成刺激神经损害和免疫功能下降等后果，其事故不断发生。特别是老、幼、病、残、孕等易感人群在室内活动时间长，受到的影响更为严重。
      室内环境问题给人们的健康造成的不良后果，已引起了我国政府的高度重视。为了控制室内空气污染，国家环境保护总局、卫生部和建设部等政府部门先后制定了相应的室内环境质量评价标准、卫生规范和污染控制规范，对室内空气污染进行监测评价和监督管理，依法保护人们的健康。由于编者经验有限，在本书编辑中难免有错误之处，请予以谅解和指正。 

“Medical insurance”, “medical treatment” and “patients” are indispensable organic whole in the social medical insurance system. The medical insurance party raises the medical insurance fund and guarantees the basic medical needs of the insured when they are sick by purchasing medical services or paying fees from medical institutions. Good system design needs good execution to produce good effect. Medical institutions are the “transmission shaft” of the smooth operation of the medical insurance system, and the “foothold” of medical insurance fund payment and patients’ access to services. The management practice of medical insurance in the hospital is also the most important and difficult in the field of medical insurance management. The establishment and development of a social security system is inseparable from its political ecology and economic soil. With China’s economic development entering the new normal, the supply side structural reform is deepening. The economic structure, development mode and national governance mode are all undergoing profound changes. The sustainable development of the universal medical insurance system is facing the opportunity of releasing the reform dividend, as well as the challenges such as the shift of economic growth rate, the “pain” in the window period of reform, and the aggravation of population aging. Under the dual pressure of increasing income and expanding expenditure, the management mode of medical insurance from “controlling the demander” to “controlling the supplier” continues to be strengthened, which makes the hospital medical insurance management become the focus and difficulty of the whole medical insurance leverage.
    The top-level design method of information system provides strong technical support and strategic guarantee for the informatization of health industry. Especially in the era of mobile Internet and big data, the health information system is becoming more and more bulky, the amount of data is increasing rapidly, and the trend of information sharing and regional medical treatment is becoming more and more important.

前 言

“医保”“医疗”和“患者”是社会医疗保险制度中三者缺一不可的有机整体，医保方筹集医疗保险基金，通过向医疗机构购买医疗服务或者支付费用，在参保人员患病时保障其基本医疗需求。“徒法不足行”，好的制度设计需要好的执行才能产生好的效果，医疗机构是医疗保险体系顺畅运行的“传动轴”，是医保基金支付
和患者获得服务的“落脚点”，医疗保险在医院端的管理实践，也是医疗保险管理领域的重中之重、难中之最。一项社会保障制度的建立和发展离不开所处的政治生态和经济土壤。随着我国经济发展进入新常态，供给侧结构性改革走向深入，经济结构、发展方式、国家治理模式等都在深刻变化，全民医保制度的持续发展面临着改革紅利释放的机遇，也面临着经济增速换挡、改革窗口期“阵痛”、人口老龄化加剧等挑战，基全增收减缓与支出膨胀的双重压力，使医疗保险从“控需方”向“控供方”的管理方式继续强化转变，这更使医院医疗保险管理成为整个医保杠杆上的焦点和难点。
        信息系统顶层设计方法为卫生行业的信息化提供了有力的技术支持和战略保障。尤其是在移动互联网和大数据时代，卫生信息系统日趋庞大臃肿，数据量剧增，信息共享和区域医疗渐成趋势的大环境下，信息系统顶层设计方法显得尤为必要。