Water conservancy project is the infrastructure of national economy, which provides an important guarantee for people’s production and life at all stages of social development. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the construction management of engineering projects has gone through the construction management of the great leap forward mode in the early stage of new China’s recovery, construction management under the planned economy mode, and the current project legal person responsibility system, bidding system, construction supervision system and contract management system, which are the four systems of construction management currently implemented. A large number of engineering projects have been built in each stage, including many high-quality projects and some poor quality projects. At present, the “four systems” construction project management mode is implemented in the construction market. There are many high-quality projects, but there are also “bean curd dregs” projects, and even “projects” that spend project investment without the implementation of engineering construction. It can be seen that the level of project construction management quality has great flexibility. Because of this, the application of project management has a lot of space. The study of project management theory and practice is conducive to the efficient management of national and local construction projects, and helps to improve the overall level of national project management. According to the actual situation of various regions, scientific management, reduce costs, ensure the construction period, quality and project performance, will produce huge economic and social benefits.
    The quality of project construction management is the product of the combination of administration and technology. There are many factors affecting the quality, and it is also quite complex. This book elaborates the standardized management of water conservancy projects in detail. Due to the influence of timeliness, there are many fallacies and deficiencies in the book. Readers are welcome to correct them for improvement.

前 言

水利工程建设项目是国民经济的基础设施，在社会发展的各个阶段为人民的生产和生活提供了重要保障。新中国建立以来，工程项目建设管理经历了新中国初期恢复生产建设阶段，大跃进模式的建设管理；还有后来的计划经济模式下的建设管理；以及目前实行的项目法人负责制、招投标制、建设监理制和合同管理制，即现今推行的建设管理“四制”形式。各个阶段都建设了大量工程项目，其中有不少优质工程，也有劣质工程。目前，建筑市场实行“四制”形式的建设项目管理模式，有不少优质工程，但也有“豆腐渣”工程，甚至还有没有实施工程建设就花掉工程投资的“工程”。可见，工程项目建设管理质量的水平有很大的弹性。正因为如此，项目管理的应用具有很大的空间，项目管理理论及实践的学习，有助于国家和地方建设项目的高效管理，有助于提高国家项目管理的整体水平。根据各地的实际情况进行科学管理，减少成本，确保建设工期、质量及项目绩效，必将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
       工程项目建设管理质量是行政和技术结合的产物，影响的因素很多，也相当复杂。本书对水利工程项目标准化管理进行详细阐述，由于时效性影响，书中的谬误和不足之处肯定不少，欢迎读者斧正，以便改进。

Water is the source of life, the basic material of organisms, the irreplaceable basic resources for human survival and development, and the environmental conditions for all living things on the earth. The development history of human society can also be regarded as the history of understanding, development, utilization and protection of water to a certain extent. Human beings use a lot of human, material and financial resources to control floods. At the same time, it is necessary to develop and utilize water resources to promote the rapid development of social economy. Water resource itself is not only a resource, but also a control factor of the environment. Water resource development not only brings rich benefits to people, but also has a certain impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the rational development, utilization and protection of water resources.
      Water conservancy project and ecological environment not only studies the problems related to the environment in the process of human development and utilization of water resources, but also studies the impact of water environment changes on water planning, construction and operation management, as well as human survival and development. Its purpose is to promote the development and utilization of water resources, reduce the adverse impact on the environment while giving play to economic benefits, maintain ecological balance and increase the role of improving the environment. Environmental water conservancy engineering technology is helpful to improve water ecological environment, overcome the adverse impact of water supply ecological environment of water conservancy project itself, and promote the development and utilization of ecological environment function of water conservancy project. Therefore, in the future water conservancy project construction, ecological environment water conservancy engineering technology will play an extremely important role.
      This paper is mainly from the water conservancy construction technology, through the analysis and research of water conservancy construction technology, so as to better connect with ecological protection, realize the harmony between human and nature, and promote the sustainable development of ecological environment.

前 言

水是生命之源，是构成生物体的基本物质，是人类赖以生存与发展的不可替代的基本资源，也是地球上所有生物赖以生存的环境条件。人类社会的发展史在一定程度上也可以看作对水的认识、开发、利用和保护的历史，人类动用大量的人力、物力、财力来治理水灾，同时又必须开发利用水资源来促进社会经济的快速发展。水资源本身既是资源，又是环境的控制要素，水资源开发在给人们带来丰厚利益的同时，也会对生态环境造成一定的影响。因此，水资源的合理开发、利用与保护越来越受到人们的重视。
        水利工程与生态环境既研究人类在水资源开发利用过程中出现的与环境相关的问题，也研究由于水体环境变化对水利规划、建设与运行管理，以及人类生存与发展的影响，其目的在于促进水资源开发利用在发挥经济效益的同时减免对环境产生的不利影响，维持生态平衡，增加改善环境的作用。环境水利工程技术有助于改善水生态环境，克服水利工程自身给水生态环境带来的不利影响，促进水利工程生态环境功能的开发和利用。因此，在未来水利工程建设中，生态环境水利工程技术将发挥极其重要的作用。

        本文主要是从水利施工技术入手，通过对水利工程施工技术进行分析和研究，从而更好地与生态保护相连接，实现人类与自然的和谐相处，推动生态环境的可持续发展。

“Ecology” is one of the words with high click rate at present, and “ecology” is derived from biology, which is a new comprehensive discipline, and is “a discipline that studies the relationship between organisms and between biological and abiotic environments”. At the end of the 20th century, people found that the earth’s ecological environment was deteriorating, so ecology derived from geo ecology, marine ecology, desert ecology and other marginal sciences. Ecological water conservancy was also formed under this background.
      Ecological water conservancy covers a wide range, including ecological rivers, ecological lakes, ecological basins, ecological groundwater and ecological coast and other aspects related to water, among which ecological river is the most important and active component. In the natural science ecosystem and the social ecosystem of the relationship between man and land, rivers always play an important role. In all the earth’s ecosystems, geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere have their own relatively independent ecosystems, but there are very complex and sensitive processes of material transfer, energy transfer and information transmission among them. Water, especially rivers, is the most active factor and carrier. Therefore, people often deify water and river. When there is more water, less water, muddy water and dirty water, all kinds of information will be quickly fed back to human beings.
      This paper mainly starts from the construction of water conservancy projects, summarizes and sorts out many construction technologies, and adds green environmental protection technologies, so as to deepen the research on green construction of water conservancy projects and realize the sustainable development of water conservancy projects in China.

前 言

“生态”是目前点击率很高的词汇之一，而“生态学”源于生物学，是一门新兴的综合性学科，是“研究生物之间及生物与非生物环境之间相互关系的学科”。在 20 世纪末，人们发现地球生态环境不断恶化，于是生态学又衍生出地质生态学、海洋生态学、沙漠生态学等边缘科学，生态水利也是在这种背景下形成的学科。
      生态水利涵盖面很广，它包括生态河流、生态湖泊、生态流域、生态地下水和生态海岸等与水有关的方方面面，其中生态河流是最重要、最活跃的组成部分。在自然科学生态系统和人地关系的社会生态系统中， 河流永远扮演着举足轻重的角色。在地球的所有生态系统中，地圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈和人类圈虽然都各自具有相对独立的生态体系， 但在它们层面之间， 存在着极为复杂而又很敏感的物质转移、能量转移和信息传递过程，而水，特别是河流是最活跃的因子和载体。所以，人们常把水与河流神化，水多了，水少了，水浑了，水脏了等都会很快地反馈给人类各种信息。
      本文主要是从水利工程施工入手，通过将诸多施工技术进行总结、整理，并且加入绿色环保技术，从而加深对水利工程绿色施工的研究，实现我国水利工程的可持续发展。

China’s basic national conditions and water regime are that there are more people and less water. The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven. Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, the state has attached great importance to water conservancy work. Great achievements have been made in water conservancy construction, which has made great contributions to economic and social development and people’s living and working in peace and contentment. However, the shortage of water resources in China is still very serious, and the lag of farmland and water conservancy construction is still the biggest hard injury affecting the stable development of agriculture and national food security. There are various types, forms, functions and regional characteristics of farmland and water conservancy infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to collect all kinds of small-scale farmland water diversion projects and famous small-scale irrigation and drainage facilities in production practice, so that the majority of grass-roots technical personnel can choose the corresponding cases and legends for optimal design according to local conditions.
       This book mainly from two aspects of writing, describes the basic knowledge and concepts of farmland water conservancy, and then analyzes and studies the existing problems of farmland water conservancy, and then puts forward relevant management measures, and expounds the construction and management of farmland water conservancy projects in detail. This requires our country to pay attention to the farmland water conservancy project, cultivate the relevant technical personnel and comprehensive quality, lay the foundation for the smooth development of the construction of the water conservancy project, and promote the economic development and progress of our country.
       Due to the lack of experience of the editor, it is inevitable that there are mistakes and defects in the book. Readers are eager to criticize and correct them.

前 言

我国的基本国情、水情是人多水少。水资源时空分布不均。新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来， 国家高度重视水利工作， 水利建设取得举世瞩目的巨大成就，为经济社会发展，人民安居乐业作出了重大贡献。但是，我国的水资源短缺形势仍然十分严峻，农田水利建设滞后仍然是影响农业稳定发展和国家粮食安全的最大硬伤。农田水利基础设施种类繁多、形式多样，功能各异，地区特色差异较大。因此，有必要汇集生产实践中存在的各类小型农田引水工程和名类小型灌联排水设施，以供广大基层技术人员因地制宜，选择相应的案例和图例进行优化设计。
       本书主要从两方面进行写作，阐述了农田水利的基本知识和概念，然后对农田水利现有问题进行分析和研究进而提出相关管理措施，对农田水利工程的建设和管理进行了详细的阐述。这就要求我国对农田水利工程加以重视，培养相关技术人才和综合素质， 为农田水利工程的建设顺利开展打下基础， 促进我国经济发展和进步。
      由于编者经验不足，书中的错误和不妥之处在所难免，恳请读者批评指正。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, economic growth has been accelerating and industrial production has been developing rapidly. At the same time, excessive depletion of natural resources, reduction of cultivated land, land degradation, global climate deterioration, rupture of the earth’s ozone layer, sharp reduction of biodiversity, and a large number of pollutants produced and discharged by industrial development have become cross regional and cross-border global environmental problems, it is increasingly hindering the survival and sustainable development of human beings. The solution of these problems and crises depends on the guidance and technical support of environmental science and ecology theory. Since entering the industrial revolution, human beings have deeply affected the surrounding environment with unprecedented scale and intensity. Water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution, noise pollution, radiation pollution and other terms are always around us. In order to solve the obstacles restricting human development, more stringent requirements are put forward for the research of environmental science and engineering. Ecology refers to the relationship between living organisms and their living environment. It is a science that studies the internal change mechanism, law and effect on human beings of the ecological system under the condition of human disturbance, and seeks for the restoration, reconstruction and ecological protection countermeasures of the damaged ecosystem; it is a science that uses the principle of ecology to clarify the human impact on the environment and the way to solve the environmental problems. With the continuous highlighting of the contemporary world’s ecological environment problems, ecological and environmental problems have gradually been the universal attention of the world.

      Although the compilation of this book strives to achieve new content, broken ideas, and the combination of theory and practice, due to the limited level of the author. There are some mistakes in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

进入 21 世纪以来，经济增长不断提速，工业生产得到快速发展，与此同时，自然资源过度损耗、耕地减少、土地退化、全球气候恶化、地球臭氧层破裂、生物多样性锐减、工业发展制造和排放的大量污染物等已成为跨地区跨国界的全球性环境问题，越来越阻碍着人类的生存和可持续发展，而这些问题和危机的解决，都有赖于环境学和生态学理论的指导和技术支持。自进入工业革命以来，人类就以前所未有的规模和强度深深地影响着周围环境，水污染、大气污染、固体废弃物污染、噪声污染、辐射污染等名词时刻伴随在我们左右，为解决制约人类发展的障碍，对环境科学和工程的研究提出了更严苛的要求。生态是指生物有机体及其生存环境的相互关系，它是研究在人类干扰条件下，生态系统的内在变化机理、规律和对人类的效应，寻求受损生态系统的恢复、重建及生态保护对策的科学；是运用生态学的原理，阐明人类对环境影响及解决环境问题途径的科学。随着当代世界生态环境问题的不断突显，生态环境问题也逐渐得到了世界各国的普遍重视。
       尽管本书编写力求做到内容新、观念断，理论和实际相结合，但由于作者水平有限。书中难免有不当之处，欢迎读者批评指正。