With the continuous development of social economy and the advancement of urbanization process, people’s requirements for urban living standards and quality are constantly improved, urban functions are constantly enhanced, and municipal infrastructure is also increasingly improved. At present, the connotation of municipal infrastructure engineering (referred to as municipal engineering or municipal public engineering) has been extended to urban road and bridge water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, power supply, gas, central heating, communication, urban environmental health, fire control, flood control, disaster prevention and other fields. As the lifeline of the city, municipal engineering has played an important role in the healthy development of modern cities. Since the reform and opening up, China has established the basic national policy with economic construction as the center and increased the scale of capital construction investment. In this context, highway construction, especially high-grade highway and bridge construction, has been developing rapidly. In addition, with the development of urbanization, municipal roads and subway projects have also been booming. The rapid development of the transportation industry determines the demand gap of a large number of road and Bridge professionals. Improving the construction technology of road and Bridge in China has become an inevitable trend.
    The construction of urban facilities is the basis of forming and perfecting the function of a city and giving full play to the role of the city center. It is the basic condition for invigorating the local economy, improving the living environment of the city and improving the grade of the city. The characteristics of municipal facilities engineering determine that the construction funds mainly come from national investment and local fund-raising, but the investment of these funds is limited compared with the huge capital demand of urban construction. Therefore, to determine the cost of municipal engineering economically and reasonably, to improve the use efficiency of funds, to calculate the engineering quantity relatively accurately, to continuously improve the level of cost compilation, and to reflect the actual cost of the project scientifically, are the direction thatmunicipal builders must strive for and pursue.

前 言

随着社会经济的不断发展和城市化进程的日益推进，人们对城市生活水平和质量的要求不断提高，城市功能不断增强，市政基础设施也日趋完善。目前，市政基础设施工程（简称为市政工程或市政公用工程）的内涵已经拓展到了城市道路桥梁给水、排水、污水处理、供电、燃气、集中供热、通信、城市环境卫生、消防、防洪、防灾等多个领域。作为城市生命线工程的市政工程已经对现代城市的健康发展起着举足轻重的作用。改革开放以来，我国确立了以经济建设为中心的基本国策，加大了基本建设投资规模。在此背景下，公路建设事业，尤其是高等级公路和桥梁建设得到快速发展。此外，随着城镇化进程的日益推进，市政道路与地铁工程也得到了蓬勃发展。运输行业的高速发展决定了大量路桥专业技术人才的需求缺口，提
高我国路桥的施工技术成为发展的必然趋势。
      城市设施建设是形成和完善城市功能、发挥城市中心作用的基础，它是搞活本地区经济，改善城市居住生活环境，提高城市品位的基本条件。市政设施工程的本身特点决定了其建设资金主要来自国家的投入和地方的资金筹措，而这些资金的投入与城市建设庞大的资金需求相比是有限的， 因此， 经济合理地确定市政工程造价、提高资金的使用效益、相对准确地计算工程量、不断提高造价编制水平，科学地反映工程的实际费用支出，是市政建设者必须努力和追求的方向。

China’s car sales have surpassed that of the United States, and China’s market has become the world’s largest auto sales market. Many Chinese families are ready to own cars and enter the era of automobile life. As the world’s largest automobile consumption potential market and automobile consumption market, China’s automobile market contains unprecedented market opportunities. Automobile marketing can help consumers to make the best choice in the market of numerous automobile manufacturers, models and brands. The seller’s market has completely evolved into a buyer’s market, and the automobile industry is speeding up the process of survival of the fittest. As an industry with huge potential and insufficient development, there is a chance to win for any brand and any operator. Its premise is: must sell the good car, must do the marketing well. How to improve business performance quickly and effectively depends on the scientificity and rationality of marketing strategy and the cultivation of marketing talents. Therefore, the demand for automobile marketing talents in China’s automobile market is increasing, and the requirements for automobile marketing talents are also higher and higher. Automobile sales and service enterprises are thirsty for automobile marketing talents, as a part of cultivating automobile marketing talents.
    Starting from two aspects of automobile marketing technology and planning, this book respectively elaborates and analyzes automobile marketing and planning from ten parts, so as to conform to the current market demand and the demand for automobile sales talents.
    In the process of compiling this book, many works and papers at home and abroad have been used for reference. Due to the limited level and short time, the shortcomings in the book are inevitable. Experts, scholars, colleagues and readers are welcome to make criticism and correction.

前 言

中国汽车销量已超过美国，中国的市场成为全球第一大汽车销售市场，众多中国家庭已经为拥有汽车、进入汽车生活时代做好了准备。作为世界最大的汽车消费潜力市场和汽车消费市场，中国汽车市场蕴藏的市场机遇是前所未有的。汽车营销可以帮助消费者在众多的汽车厂家、众多的车型和品牌充实的市场中做出最好的选择，卖方市场已经完全进化为买方市场，汽车行业正在加快优胜劣汰的进程。作为一个潜力巨大、 开发并不充分的行业， 对于任何品牌和任何经营者都有胜出的机会。其前提是：必须卖好车，必须做好营销。如何快速有效地提升企业经营业绩，取决于营销方略的科学性与合理性，取决于企业营销人才的培养。所以，中国汽车市场对汽车市场营销人才的需求量不断增长，对汽车市场营销人才的要求也越来越高，汽车销售与服务企业对汽车营销人才求贤若渴， 作为培养汽车后市场人才的一部分。
      本书从汽车营销技术和策划两个方面出发，分别从十个部分对汽车营销和策划进行阐述分析，顺应现在市场的需求和对汽车销售人才的需求。
      本书在编写过程中，借鉴了国内外很多著作以及论文，对此表示由衷的感谢，由于水平有限，时间仓促，书中的不足之处在所难免，恳请各位专家学者同行及广大读者批评指正。

Quality is the cornerstone of social progress and a necessary condition for the survival and development of enterprises. With the rapid development of world economy and the acceleration of globalization process. With the increasingly fierce market competition, quality has become the premise and guarantee for the survival and development of enterprises. Quality management has also become one of the most important tasks of enterprise management. In the past few decades, through continuous improvement and development, quality management discipline has formed a series of important theories, tools and methods to guide the quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement of enterprises. Practice has proved that only by implementing and implementing the basic theory and method of quality management can the enterprise remain invincible in the fierce market competition. The construction quality of engineering project is one of the important objectives of project management. Engineering construction quality is related to the development of the country, the survival of enterprises, and people’s health and safety.
    In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s construction industry, engineering projects become increasingly complex, which puts forward higher and higher requirements for the quality management of construction projects. The concept of quality management is not only a simple sense of the quality inspection of the construction site, it includes the scientific quality planning and decision-making in the early stage of the project construction, and through strict quality control and quality acceptance in the implementation process to ensure the quality of the project. At the same time, the quality of engineering construction is not limited to technical capacity and technical measures. How to establish the system, mechanism and legal system to ensure the construction quality of engineering projects in the whole construction industry is also a problem involved in project quality management. At present, all parts of the country are accelerating the progress of project construction, the scale of project construction is further expanded, and the construction quality and safety work is facing greater challenges. In this situation, it is particularly important to do a good job in the quality and safety of construction projects.

前 言

质量是社会进步的基石，是企业生存和发展的必要条件。随着世界经济的飞速发展和全球化进程的加快。市场竞争日益加剧，质量已经成为企业生存和发展的前提和保证。质量管理也成为企业管理最重要的任务之一。在过去的几十年中，质量管理学科通过不断地完善和发展，形成了一系列的重要理论、工具和方法，用于指导企业的质量策划、质量控制、质量保证和质量改进等工作。实践证明，只有认真贯彻和执行质量管理的基本理论和方法，才能使企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。工程项目的建设质量是工程项目管理的重要目标之一。工程建设质量关系到国家的发展、企业的生存、人们的健康和安全。
       近年来，随着我国建筑业的迅速发展，工程项目变得日趋复杂，对建设工程质量管理提出了越来越高的要求。质量管理的概念不仅是简单意义上的施工现场的质量检查，它包括在工程项目的建设前期通过科学的质量策划和决策，以及在实施过程中通过严格的质量控制和质量验收来确保工程的质量。同时，工程建设的质量也不仅仅局限于技术能力和技术措施，如何在整个建筑行业建立确保工程项目建设质量的体制、机制和法制，也是工程质量管理所涉及的问题。当前，全国各地都在加快推进工程建设进度，工程建设规模进一步扩大，建筑工程质量安全工作面临着更大的挑战。在这种形势下，做好建筑工程质量安全工作尤为重要。

Chemical production is an important pillar of economic and social development. On the one hand, chemical production has effectively promoted the development of national economy and improved people’s living standards; on the other hand, there are many unsafe factors and occupational hazards in the production process of chemical industry (especially dangerous chemicals), such as flammable, explosive, toxic, high temperature, high pressure, corrosion, etc., so it has greater potential risk than other industrial production. In the process of chemical production, risk exists objectively. Although it is invisible and intangible, it is closely related to production activities.
    Starting from strengthening the training and adjustment of safety production technology for chemical workers, this book systematically analyzes various risk factors in the process of chemical production according to the working principle of “safety first, prevention first, comprehensive treatment”, using the basic principles and methods of chemical industry and combining with the characteristics of chemical safety production. The possibility and severity of accidents or occupational hazards are predicted, and scientific, reasonable and feasible safety production prevention measures and control methods are put forward. It takes chemical production process as the main line and applies safety principle and accident control theory, accidents and occupational hazards in chemical production are systematically analyzed and elaborated to ensure the stability of chemical production.
    Due to the lack of experience of the editor, it is inevitable that there are mistakes anddefects in the book. Readers are eager to criticize and correct them.

前 言

化工生产是经济社会发展的重要支柱。一方面，化工生产有力地促进了国民经济的发展，改善和提高了人们的生活水平；另一方面，在化工（特别是危险化学品）生产过程中存在着许多不安全因素和职业危害，如易燃、易爆、易中毒、高温、高压、有腐蚀等，因此比其他工业生产有着更大的潜在危险性。在化工产过程中，风险是客观存在的，虽然看不见、摸不着，但它却与生产活动密不可分，如影随形。
       本书从加强化工从业人员安全生产技术培调工作出发，按照“安全第一、预防为主、综合治理”的工作方针，运用化学工业的基本原理和方法，结合化工安全生产的特点，系统分析了化工生产过程中各种危险因素，预测发生事故或造成职业危害的可能性及其严重程度，提出了科学、合理、可行的安全生产预防措施及控制方法，以化工生产过程为主线，应用安全原理与事故控制理论，对化工生产中的事故和职业危害进行了系统地分析与阐述，确保化工生产稳定。
      由于编者经验不足，书中的错误和不妥之处在所难免，恳切读者批评指正。

With the continuous improvement of China’s engineering construction system, the increasing construction market and the increasingly fierce market competition, it is more and more important to realize the modern management of engineering project construction. The scientific engineering project management theory, methods and means, the socialization and specialization of management personnel, the core of knowledge management, and the informatization of management are increasingly prominent.
    This book starts from highway project construction management and highway construction maintenance. According to modern project management theory, using information and network technology, and combining with the actual situation of other expressway projects, the book constantly innovates in project management practice, and integrates the management value concept, method, measures and knowledge utilization information means of project managers. The project dynamic management system is constructed and applied to expressway construction project management. Highway as a traffic product, its construction directly reflects whether the traffic in a region is developed. With the continuous development and improvement of modern transportation, people’s living standard has been improved day by day, and the highway is more and more important for people’s daily life. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the management level of expressway and ensure the safety and smoothness of highway. As the infrastructure of a country, highway belongs to the scope of public goods in essence, and has the nature of social public welfare. Therefore, in order to better improve the management level of expressway and ensure the safety and smoothness of highway, it is necessary to strengthen the construction management of expressway and strengthen the innovation of maintenance measures. Due to the author’s lack of experience, there may be mistakes and omissions in the article. Readers can give criticism and correction.

前 言

随着我国工程建设体制的不断完善，建设市场的日益增长和市场竞争的日趋激烈，工程项目建设实现现代化的管理越来越重要，工程项目管理理论、方法、手段的科学化，管理人员的社会化和专业化，知识管理的核心化，管理的信息化等作用日益突出。
      本书从高速公路项目建设管理和高速公路施工养护出发，按照现代项目管理理论，运用信息、网络技术，结合其他高速公路项目实际情况，在项目管理实践中不断创新，将项目管理者的管理价值理念、方法、措施、知识利用信息化手段融为一体，进行项目动态管理系统的构建，并应用于高速公路工程建设项目管理。高速公路作为一项交通产物，它的建设情况直接反映了一个地区的交通是否发达。随着现代化交通运输的不断发展与完善，人们生活水平日益提高，公路对于人们的日常生活而言越发重要，因此，提高高速公路的管理水平，保障公路的安全与畅通具有重要的意义。 公路作为一个国家的基础设施， 从本质上来讲其是属于公共产品范围的，具有社会公益性。因此，为了能够更好地提高对高速公路的管理水平，保证公路的安全与畅通，需要加强对高速公路的建设管理，加强养护措施的革新。由于作者经验不足，文章可能会出现错漏，望广大读者给予批评指正。