Roads, bridges, water conservancy, industrial and civil buildings are all civil engineering. Civil engineering construction is the basic construction of national economy, which plays an important role in the development of national economy.

  The project construction includes several stages of survey, planning, design and construction. Among them, the construction stage is the stage of turning the design into a real object, which is a very important stage of engineering construction management. Our country adopts the contract system. In order to complete the project tasks and obtain more profits according to the construction period, quality and cost stipulated in the contract, the contractor must carry out effective construction management in addition to relying on skilled construction team and advanced construction equipment. Management can not replace technology, but management is technology management, so we should attach great importance to management.

  The mechanization of highway and bridge engineering construction refers to that in the construction process of the whole project, the mechanical equipment and machines and tools used in each process are integrated and connected in sequence according to the construction process, and the construction is reasonably organized, so as to seek the fastest progress of the project, the best quality, the best mechanical performance and function, so as to achieve the highest economic and social benefits of the project. The quality of the project not only reflects the level of technical equipment, but also reflects the quality of construction personnel. In the past, the management cadres and operators in our technical team did not understand the machinery, and those who engaged in machinery did not understand the project, which brought difficulties to the construction mechanization, and even affected the progress and quality of the project. This situation needs to be reversed, so we must pay attention to the training of construction management personnel, technical personnel and operators as soon as possible in the construction, so that the designers, constructors, executors and operators of mechanized construction can cooperate scientifically.

前 言

道路、桥梁、水利、工业与民用建筑等均属于土木工程。土木工程建设多是国民经济的基础建设，对国民经济的发展具有重要的作用。
       工程建设包括勘测、规划、设计、施工几个阶段。其中施工阶段是将设计变成实物的阶段，是工程建设管理极为重要的阶段。我国工程采用承包制，承包者为了按合同规定的工期、工程质量和工程成本完成工程任务并获得更多的利润，除了靠具有精湛技术的施工队伍和先进的施工设备之外，还必须进行有效的施工管理。管理不能替代技术，但管理是管技术的，因而应高度重视管理。
       公路和桥梁工程施工机械化是指在整个工程项目的施工过程中，按照施工工艺流程，把各个工艺使用的机械设备和机具综合配套、顺序衔接，合理地组织施工，以谋求工程进度最快、质量最好、机械性能和作用发挥最佳，使经济效益和社会效益均取得最高的项目效果。工程质量的好坏，不仅反映技术装备水平的高低，同时也反映施工人员的素质。以前我们的技术队伍中管理干部和操作人员，搞工程的不懂机械，搞机械的不懂工程，这些都给施工机械化带来困难，甚至影响到工程进展和施工质量，这种状况需要扭转，所以在进行施工时必须及早抓好施工管理人员、技术人员及操作人员的培训工作， 使机械化施工的设计者、 施工者和任务的执行者、操作人员，能科学地配合。

With the deepening of China’s Reform and Open-up and the rapid economic development, China’s highway construction has entered a period of high-speed development, and the quality of highway engineering has attracted more and more attention from relevant departments and society. The relevant departments have repeatedly emphasized the importance of quality, repeatedly affirmed the significance of “responsibility is more important than Taishan” and “one hundred years plan and quality first”, and strengthens the management of all links in system to promote the healthy and orderly development of highway construction.

  Transportation economy is a comprehensive applied subject which studies the relationship between transportation and social economic development, the development of transportation market and the economic benefits of transportation enterprises. With the rapid development of different modes of transportation, the competition in the transportation market is becoming increasingly fierce. It is an important part of the knowledge system and ability structure of transportation majors to learn and master the basic theories and methods of transportation economy and analyze and solve the economic problems faced by transportation enterprises in reality.

  This book has referred a large number of domestic and foreign textbooks, monographs and related literature, and the author would like to express sincere thanks to the author of the reference. Because the teaching materials cover a lot of content, limited to the editors’ own practical experience and academic background, there are inevitably some shortcomings in the book, and experts and readers are welcome to criticize and correct.

前 言

随着我国改革开放的深入和经济的高速发展，我国的公路建设进入了高速发展时期，公路工程质量越来越受到有关部门和社会的广泛关注和重视。有关部门多次强调质量的重要性，反复申明“责任重于泰山”，“百年大计、质量第一”的意义，并从制度上强化各个环节的管理，以促进公路建设健康有序的发展。
       交通运输经济是一门研究交通运输与社会经济发展关系、交通运输市场发展与交通运输企业经济效益的综合性应用学科。随着不同运输方式的快速发展，运输市场竞争日益激烈，通过学习和掌握交通运输经济的基本理论与方法，分析解决现实中交通运输企业面临的经济问题，是交通运输专业学生知识体系和能力结构的重要组成部分。
       本书参阅了大量的国内外教材，专著和有关文献，在此谨向参考文献的作者致以真诚的谢意。由于教材涵盖的内容较多，限于编者自身的实践经验和学术功底，书中难免存在不足之处，恳请专家、读者批评指正。

Highway engineering construction is closely related to all aspects of our living environment. It can be said that highway construction is an important cause related to people’s livelihood, and its development degree plays an important role in social development. Therefore, we should attach importance to highway construction in China, improve the coverage rate of highway, and attach importance to the quality of highway construction, strengthen the construction of highway engineering to facilitate our life.

  At present, the scale of construction projects is expanding day by day, and the types are increasingly diverse, showing a vigorous development momentum. Throughout the country, tens of thousands of high-rise buildings have sprung up. The rapid development of highway and railway construction has made remarkable achievements. The crisscross road network and railway network continue to extend and improve, which effectively promotes the sustained, rapid and healthy growth of the national economy. For the whole construction industry, improving the technical level and professional skills of construction personnel can effectively improve product quality and social benefits. For the construction personnel, improving their professional quality, especially some high-tech operation level, can greatly improve labor production efficiency, reduce labor intensity, speed up project progress, and reduce safety accidents.

  The effective management of highway engineering is an important work in the project, which plays a positive role in the control and evaluation of project quality, as well as speeding up the project progress and reducing the project cost. Highway management is also complex, with the rapid development of China’s economy, the role of highway in the process of national economic development is becoming more and more important, the country’s investment in highway is increasing, so it is very necessary to strengthen the management and practical analysis of highway engineering.

前 言

公路工程建设与我们生活环境的方方面面都有着密切的关联，可以说，公路建设是关系到民生的一项重要的事业，其发展程度对于社会的发展有着重要的作用，因此我们要重视我国的公路建设，提高公路的覆盖率，重视公路的建设质量。加强对公路工程的建设，便利我们的生活。
       当前，建设工程的规模日益扩大，种类日益繁多，呈现出蓬勃发展的势头。纵观全国，数以万计的高楼拔地而起，公路、铁路建设发展迅猛，成就斐然，纵横交错的公路网和铁路网不断延伸、完善，有力地推动着国民经济持续快速健康增长。对于整个建设行业来说，提高施工人员的技术水平和专业技能，可以有效地提高产品质量和社会效益。对于施工人员来说，提高自身的专业素质，特别是一些高技术含量的操作水平，可以大大提升劳动生产效率、降低劳动强度、加快工程进度、减少安全事故。
       公路工程有效管理是工程当中的一项重要工作，其对工程质量的控制、评定以及加快工程进度、降低工程造价都起着积极的作用。公路中的管理环节也是纷繁复杂的，随着我国经济的快速发展，公路在国家经济发展过程中的作用越来越重要，国家对公路的投资越来越大，因此加强对公路工程的管理与实务分析，就显得非常有必要。

  With the increasing development of economic globalization, the requirements for port and waterway engineering technology are more rigorous in order to adapt to the economic development. The construction of China’s economy is increasingly prosperous and develops into various forms. At the same time, China has also made breakthroughs in the field of foreign trade. As the window of China’s foreign trade, port and waterway plays an important role in promoting the national economic development and regional prosperity. Therefore, port and waterway engineering construction attract more and more attention of the society, and the technology applied in port and waterway engineering becomes more and more standardized. In recent years, China has invested more and more manpower and material resources in port and waterway engineering, which has a great impact on the continuing development of foreign trade.

  As the essential infrastructure of foreign trade, port and waterway highly promotes the national and regional development. Therefore, it has been paid more and more attention by the country and the people; its technical construction and management have to meet the higher and higher requirement offered by the people. This book gives a brief exploration, analysis and interpretation in the field of port and waterway engineering, mainly introduces the port management and waterway engineering which could provide theoretical support and reference experience for the construction of port and waterway engineering in the future.

  In view of the vast contents of port and waterway engineering and the limitation of compilers’ abilities, the content of the book may be inappropriate in some parts. Readers who use this textbook are welcome to criticize and correct the mistakes and deficiencies so that it could be further revised and supplemented in the future.

前 言

随着经济全球化的不断深入，为了适应经济的发展，对于港口航道工程技术的要求更加严格。中国的经济建设日益繁荣并呈现出多种形态，与此同时，中国在对外贸易领域也取得了突破性进展。港口航道作为中国对外贸易的窗口，对于国家经济的发展和地区繁荣都有良好的推动作用，因而，港口航道工程建设越来越受到社会的关注，对于港口航道工程的技术日趋规范，近几年，中国在港口航道工程上投入更多的人力、物力，对对外贸易的不断发展起着不可忽视的作用。
       港口航道作为对外贸易必不可少的基础设施，对整个国家和地区的发展有很大的促进作用，因此也越来越受到国家和人民的重视，人们对其技术建设和管理方面也提出越来越高的要求。本文就港口航道工程方面进行了探索分析与解读，着重介绍了港口管理和航道工程，可为今后的港口航道工程的施工提供借鉴经验和理论支持。
       鉴于港航工程内容浩瀚，编写人员水平有限，内容难免失当。欢迎使用本教材的读者，对其中的错误与不足，提出批评指正，以便今后进一步修改补充。

At present, our country has entered a new development stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system, people’s moral concepts and behavior patterns have changed profoundly. While great achievements have been made in the construction of spiritual civilization and material civilization, due to complicated historical reasons, there are still serious breaches of trust in social and economic life, such as malicious debt evasion, contract breach, debt default, tax evasion, smuggling and foreign exchange evasion, commercial fraud, counterfeit and shoddy, financial distortion, violation of financial discipline. These dishonest behaviors are still prominent, disrupting the social and economic order, damaging the interests of consumers, and affecting the healthy development of the national economy and the international image of China.

The socialist market economy is both a legal economy and a credit economy. Credit is the cornerstone of a modern market economy. Without credit, there is no order, and the market economy cannot develop healthily. The establishment of a social credit system is a fundamental measure to rectify and standardize the order of the market economy, as well as an important measure to improve the socialist market economic system.
    Due to the limited level of the author and the limited time, it is unavoidable to have some deficiencies in this book. Experts and readers are welcome to criticize and correct.

前 言

当前，我国已进入全面建设小康社会新的发展阶段，随着社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立，人们的道德观念和行为方式发生了深刻变化。在精神文明建设和物质文明建设取得巨大成就的同时，由于复杂的历史原因，社会经济生活中恶意逃债、合同违约、债务拖欠、偷逃税费、走私逃汇、商业欺诈、假冒伪劣等失信现象还相当严重，财务失真、违反财经纪律的行为仍然突出，扰乱了社会经济秩序、损害了消费者利益、影响了国民经济健康发展和我国的国际形象。
       社会主义市场经济既是法制经济， 也是信用经济， 信用是现代市场经济的基石。没有信用就没有秩序，市场经济就不可能健康发展。建立社会信用体系，是整顿和规范市场经济秩序的治本之策，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要措施。
       受时间和水平的限制， 本书难免会有不妥之处， 烦请各位专家和读者批评指正。