Water is the lifeblood of national economy and human development. Water conservancy construction is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and it is a very important infrastructure. Taking the completed Three Gorges Hydroelectric Power Station as the symbol of world water conservancy construction level, China’s water conservancy project construction has made great achievements. China’s water conservancy project construction is in the climax, the scale is large, the contradiction is many, the technology is difficult, and it attracts the world’s attention. The responsibility of sustainable economic development and ecological environment protection is great. The harmonious coexistence of human and society and nature requires all of us to work together to create.
    The application, operation, maintenance and protection of water conservancy project is an important part of water conservancy project management. After the completion of water conservancy project, only through effective management can we achieve the expected effect and verify the correctness of the original planning and design. The basic task of project management is to maintain the integrity and safety of engineering buildings and equipment, and make them in good technical conditions. In order to control, regulate, distribute and use water resources, it is necessary to use the water conservancy engineering equipment correctly so as to give full play to its flood control, irrigation, water supply, drainage, power generation, shipping, environmental protection and other benefits. The construction and management of water conservancy project is an important condition for the function of the project.
    Due to the editor’s lack of experience, there are inevitably omissions and deficiencies in the book. Readers are requested to give more valuable comments.

前 言

水是国民经济的命脉。也是人类发展的命脉。水利建设关乎国计民生，水利工程建设是很重要的基础建设。以已经建成的三峡水利枢纽为世界水利建设水平的标志。我国水利工程建设取得了巨大的成就。我国水利工程建设正处在高潮，规模之大，矛盾之多。技术之难，举世瞩目；经济可持续发展与生态环境保护的责任。任重道远；人与社会与自然的和谐共处，需要大家共同努力去创建。
      水利工程的运用、操作、维修和保护工作，是水利工程管理的重要组成部分，水利工程建成后，必须通过有效的管理，才能实现预期的效果和验证原来规划、设计的正确性；工程管理的基本任务是保持工程建筑物和设备的完整、安全，使其处于良好的技术状况；正确运用水利工程设备，以控制、调节、分配、使用水资源，充分发挥其防洪、灌溉、供水、排水、发电航运、环境保护等效益。做好水利工程的施工与管理是发挥工程功能的鸟之两翼、车之双轮。
       由于编者经验不足，书中难免存在疏漏与不足之处，敬请读者多提宝贵意见。

Water is the lifeblood of national economy and human development. Water conservancy construction is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, which is a very important infrastructure. Taking the Three Gorges Hydro Project as a symbol of the world’s water conservancy construction level. Great achievements have been made in the construction of water conservancy projects in China. The construction of water conservancy projects in my country is at a climax, and its scale, contradictions, and technical difficulties have attracted worldwide attention. Water conservancy projects are the crystallization of the people’s wisdom and an important support for human being’s living and developing. With the rapid development of human society, the excessive construction of water conservancy projects often violates the laws of nature; the excessive development of water resources often overwhelms the natural ecology; and the neglect of management of built water conservancy projects often makes it difficult to achieve normal benefits. So that it cannot be a virtuous circle. Faced with such a cruel reality, human beings have begun to correct their own thinking about water control under the premise of understanding the important positioning of water conservancy projects.
    Based on this, the author of this book starts from the practice of many years of water conservancy work to think and explore modern water conservancy project governance. The book focuses on the combination of theory and practice. It not only explains the basic theory of water conservancy project governance, but also discusses practical problems. The book aims to provide reference for relevant personnel.

前 言

水是国民经济的命脉，也是人类发展的命脉。水利建设关乎国计民生，是很重要的基础建设。以已经建成的三峡水利枢纽为世界水利建设水平的标志。我国水利工程建设取得了巨大的成就。我国水利工程建设正处在高潮，规模之大，矛盾之多，技术之难，举世瞩目。水利工程是人民群众劳动智慧的结晶，也是人类社会赖以生存发展的重要依托。随着人类社会的迅猛发展，水利工程的过度建设，常常违背了大自然的自身规律；水资源的过度开发，常常让自然生态不堪重负；建好的水利工程疏于管理，常常难以发挥出正常的效益，不能良性循环。面对这样的残酷现实，人类在认知水利工程重要定位的前提下，也开始校正自身的治水思路。
      基于此，本书作者从多年从事水利工作的实践出发，对现代水利工程治理进行思考和探索，全书注重理论和实践相结合， 既有对水利工程治理基础理论的阐述，又有对实际操作问题的探讨，希望能为相关人员开拓思路、创新工作，提供有益参考。

Neurosurgery is a vigorous and rapidly developing discipline. Neurosurgery has been developing for half a century in China. In the past, due to the backwardness of science and technology, the diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgical diseases has been a clinical problem. In the past 10 years, the rapid development of modern imaging technology has added a bright pair of “eyes” to the diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgery diseases. The emergence of molecular biology theory and micro-detection techniques in the field of basic medicine and the application of electron microscope in morphology have changed the understanding and concept of many problems in the past. Today, the traditional neurosurgery of the past has been divided into more sophisticated and sophisticated specialized chemical branches, including microneurosurgery, functional neurosurgery, stereotactic neurosurgery, skull base neurosurgery, endovascular neurosurgery, endoscopic neurosurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. In order to show the progress of modern diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgical diseases, this book is specially compiled, which  is Study on the Diagnosis and Surgical Methods of Neurosurgical Diseases.
   This book is informative, highlighting the clinical practicability. First, it introduces the basic knowledge of neurosurgery in detail, and then systematically introduces the general diagnosis and surgical treatment of common neurosurgical diseases. The book is a great talent, reflecting the new view of modern neurosurgery diseases diagnosis and treatment. It is hoped that it can meet the needs of all levels of diagnosis and treatment in hospitals. It is helpful for clinical neurosurgery doctors and other related professional medical staff to further improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgical diseases.

前 言

神经外科是一个朝气蓬勃的、发展迅猛的学科。神经外科在我国已有半个世纪的发展历史，过去由于科学技术落后，对神经外科疾病的诊断与治疗一直是临床上的难题。近 10 余年来，日新月异的现代化影像学技术，给神经外科疾病的诊断和治疗增添了一双明亮的“眼睛”，基础医学领域中出现分子生物学理论与微检测技术，加之在形态学上电子显微镜的应用，改变了对过去许多问题的认识和概念。时至今日，昔日的传统神经外科又相继分出显微神经外科、功能性神经外科、立体定向神经外科、颅底神经外科、血管内神经外科、内镜神经外科与立体定向放射神经外科等更精细、更尖端的专业化学科分支。现为展现现代，神经外科疾病的诊疗进展，特编写这本《神经外科疾病诊断与手术方法研究》。
        本书内容翔实、突出临床实用性，先详细介绍了神经外科基础知识，然后系统介绍了神经外科常见疾病的一般诊疗及手术治疗。该书博众才之长，反映了现代神经外科疾病的诊治新观点，希望能满足各级医院诊疗之需，对临床神经外科专业医师及其他相关专业医务人员，在进一步提高神经外科疾病的诊治水平上有所帮助。

Porous materials are an important branch of materials science, and porous metal materials are the most important type of porous materials. It not only has the characteristics of metal, but also has a series of special functions caused by the existence of various holes. It has been widely used in the national economy, especially in the fields of energy, environmental protection and aerospace.

In recent years, porous metal materials have developed rapidly. New materials, new theories, and new processes have continuously emerged, and the application fields have been continuously explored. They have become a class of advanced materials that have attracted worldwide attention. They are indispensable and important materials in energy, petrochemical, environmental protection, metallurgy, medical, aerospace, brewing and other fields.

 In order to adapt to the development of porous metal materials and meet the needs of the users, we have compiled a book based on our research results over the years and the latest developments at home and abroad. This book focuses on introducing new theories, new developments, and new trends in the field of porous metal materials, and hopes to help scientific and technical workers and users of porous metal materials stimulate new ideas.
    Due to the limitation of the author’s level, it is unavoidable to have some deficiencies in this book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct.

前 言

多孔材料是材料学科中的一个重要分支，金属多孔材料又是最重要的一类多孔材料。 它不仅具有金属的特性， 而且有着因各类孔的存在而引发的一系列特殊功能，在国民经济中获得了广泛的应用，特别是在能源、环保及字航等领域发挥着及其重要的作用。
       这些年来金属多孔材料飞速发展，新材料、新理论、新工艺不断涌现，应用领域不断开拓，已成为举世瞩目的一类先进材料，更是能源、环保、石化、冶金、医疗、宇航、酿造等领域不可缺少的重要材料。
       为了适应金属多孔材料的发展，满足使用部门的需求，我们综合自己多年来的研究成果和国内外的最新发展状况编著了本书。本书重点介绍了金属多孔材料领域的新理论、新发展、新动向，希望能对金属多孔材料的科技工作者和使用部门激发
       新思想，开拓新思路有所帮助。由于作者水平所限，书中疏漏之处恳请读者批评指正。

In the late 1960s, Western developed countries such as Germany and Switzerland have begun to apply ecology principle to civil engineering experiments to restore damaged riparian ecosystems. After the 1990s, the concept of river ecological restoration has become a trend worldwide, and some countries have taken the lead in the research and practice of “restoring river life”. The river governance method of “wrapped” the river with concrete ignores that the river is also a living body, which has been generally rejected by various countries, and the ecological restoration of the river has become an international trend.
    The construction of an ecological city is to follow the principles of ecology and the laws of ecological economy, with the construction of the urban ecological environment and social development as the core. Through unified planning and comprehensive construction, the ecological construction, environmental protection, natural resource utilization, ecological restoration, economic development and urban and rural construction in the urban area are organically combined. Cultivate ecological landscape with blue sky, clear water, green ground, and beautiful scenery; induce an overall, harmonious, self-reliant, and open ecological civilization; incubate economically efficient, environmentally harmonious, and socially applicable ecological industries; build a civilized ecological community where man and nature coexist harmoniously. Ultimately realize the sustainable development and high degree of unification of regional economic, social and ecological benefits. Urban ecological water conservancy planning is based on the sustainable development of ecological city construction. According to the principles of ecology, following the laws and requirements of ecological balance, the planning of a water conservancy system that meets the virtuous cycle of the city and the sustainable use of water resources is established. Water conservancy construction and water-related activities are aimed at protecting, improving and restoring water ecological environment in cities and ensuring water ecology and water resources safety. Urban ecological water conservancy planning is a special plan of urban planning and an infrastructure in urban planning. It must not only obey the overall urban planning, but also enrich and perfect the overall urban planning. Therefore, we must not only focus on urban development planning, but also urban ecological water conservancy planning. Only in this way can we achieve sustainable human development.

前 言

20 世纪 60 年代后期，德国及瑞士等西方发达国家已开始将生态学原理应用于土木工程以恢复受损河岸生态系统的试验研究。 90 年代以后，河流生态修复理念在世界范围内成为趋势，一些国家率先开始了“恢复河流生命”的研究和实践。忽略河流也是生命体，将河流用混凝土“包”起来的河道治理方法，已被各国普遍否定，河流生态修复已经成为国际大趋势。
      生态城市建设就是遵循生态学原理与生态经济规律，以城市生态环境建设与社会发展为核心，通过统一规划、综合建设，把城市区域内生态建设、环境保护、自然资源的合理利用、生态破坏的恢复以及区域内社会经济发展与城乡建设有机地结合起来，培育天蓝、水清、地绿、景美的生态景观，诱导整体、合谐、自生、开放的生态文明，孵化经济高效、环境和谐、社会适用的生态产业，建设人与自然和谐共处的殷实、健康、文明向上的生态社区，最终实现区域性经济效益、社会效益、生态效益的可持续发展和高度统一。城市生态水利规划是以生态城市建设的可持续发展为目标，按照生态学原理，遵循生态平衡法则和要求，建立起来的满足城市良性循环和水资源可持续利用的水利体系的规划，旨在城市保护、改善和修复水生态环境并确保水生态和水资源安全的水利建设与水事活动。城市生态水利规划是城市规划的专项规划，是城市规划中的一项基础设施，它既要服从城市总体规划，又要丰富和完善城市总体规划。因此，我们在城市建设中不能只注重城市发展规划，还要注重城市生态水利规划，只有这样才能实现人类的可持续发展。