Water is the basic element for human survival and the basic guarantee of social and economic development. The problem of drinking water pollution is diverse and complex. To provide safe and high-quality drinking water, water supply enterprises must take appropriate safety measures agaist the entire water supply system, from water sources,
water plants, pipe networks to faucets, and seek systematic technical solutions. The densely placed underground pipe network and secondary water supply system, though located near the end of the water supply system, are the key and weak links for the safe water supply, and also the difficult points in the study of drinking water safety.

    At present, the water quality of urban water supply in our country is generally good when the water is discharged from water plants, but water quality declines, to varying degrees, after entering the water distribution network. This is especially true for China’s current water supply system which uses surface water as the main raw water. Due to water source pollution, the addition of various agents (oxidants, coagulants, disinfectants) in the water purification process, and the technical limitations of the traditional water purification process itself, when the so-called "purified water" enters the water distribution pipe network, it reacted with pipe interior surface during its long time transportation. Many complex physical, chemical and biological interactions occur in this process produce physical deposition, electrochemical corrosion, biofilm growth, biological corrosion and the growth of animalcules etc. At the same time, various corrosion products and microorganisms interact with various disinfectants added to the water, various metal salts and xenobiotic pollutants brought into the factory water during water purification process,causing the water quality of the pipe network to go bad. Various water quality issues concerning water supply network have attracted the attention of relevant experts and industry players. The water quality issue of the water supply network will be a great challenge to water supply industry around the world in 21st century. Water quality assurance technology about water supply network has become a research focus. Research on safe drinking water distribution technology is of great significance for water plants to keep water purification effect and ensure the safety of drinking water at the end of the pipe network.

前 言

水是人类生存的基本要素，是社会和经济发展的基本保障。饮用水水质污染问题具有多样性和复杂性。向用户提供安全优质的饮用水，供水企业必须面向整个供水系统，从水源、水厂、管网到龙头全过程采取相应的安全保障措施，寻求系统化的技术解决方案。而密布于地下的供水管网和二次供水系统虽位于供水系统的末端，却是安全供水中的关键和薄弱环节，同时也是饮用水安全保障研究的难点。
        当前我国城市供水水质在水厂出水时总体是好的，但进入配水管网后就不同程度地发生了水质下降。特别对于我国目前以地表水源为主要原水的供水系统中，由于水源污染、净水工艺中各种药剂的添加（氧化剂、混凝剂、消毒剂）和传统净水工艺本身的技术局限性，致使所谓“净化水”进入配水管网后，在其长时间的输送过程中与管材内表面发生了各种复杂的物理、 化学和生物作用， 并表现为物理沉积、电化学腐蚀、生物膜生长与生物腐蚀及微小动物生长等，同时各种腐蚀产物微生物又与水中投加的各种消毒剂、水质净化过程中带入出厂水的各种金属盐类及外源污染物发生相互作用，从而导致管网水质发生变化，造成管网水质下降。给水管网中出现的各种水质问题已引起有关专家和业者高度重视， 管网水质问题将是 21 世纪对世界各国供水行业的极大挑战，给水管网中的水质保障技术已经成为研究热点。研究饮用水安全输配技术对保持水厂净水效果，保证管网末端饮用水质安全具有重要意义。

Architecture is the main place for human beings to engage in various activities. Population increase, resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological damage are closely related to human construction activities. As a response to environmental problems, green building has become the mainstream and direction of world architecture
research and development, and has been promoted in many developed countries. In China, the concept of green building began to be familiar to people, and the theoretical research and design practice of green building has become a hot spot in the industry.

   Green building has attracted great attention of the Chinese government, which also indicates that China’s construction industry has ushered in a new era of green building. Green building industry is very large, from the research and development and production of green building materials, the development and application of green building technology, the implementation of green building projects to the operation and management of a series of processes derived a large number of management problems. These management problems are not only brand-new but also urgent to be solved for the majority of project builders.

   Green building technology is an interdisciplinary, cross industry, comprehensive and applied technology. This book combs the basic concept of green building, and analyzes the design, construction and management technology of green building. Combined with the green building related laws and regulations and evaluation system, it plays a positive role in promoting the overall promotion of green construction in China.
   Due to the lack of time and the limited level of the editor, there are inevitably some shortcomings. At the time of publication of this book, we sincerely hope that readers can put forward valuable opinions and suggestions for this book.

前 言

建筑是人类从事各种活动的主要场所。人口增加、资源匮乏、环境污染和生态破坏与人类的建筑活动密切相关。绿色建筑作为建筑界应对环境问题的回应已经成为世界建筑研究与发展的主流与方向，并在不少发达国家实践推广。在中国绿色建筑的概念开始为人们所熟悉、绿色建筑的理论研究和设计实践也已成为业界的热点。
       绿色建筑已经引起中国政府的高度重视，也预示着中国建筑行业迎来了崭新的绿色建筑时代。绿色建筑产业量非常庞大，从绿色建材的研发与生产、绿色建筑技术的开发应用、绿色建筑项目实施到运营管理等一系列过程中衍生出大量的管理问题。这些管理问题对广大的工程建设者来说，不仅是全新的也是迫切需要解决的。
      绿色建筑技术是一门跨学科、跨行业、综合性与应用性都很强的技术。本书梳理了绿色建筑的基本概念，对绿色建筑中的设计与施工及管理技术进行研究分析。结合绿色建筑相关的法律法规及评估体系，对加快我国绿色施工的全面推进起到积极的促进作用。
        由于时间的仓促，编者水平有限，难免存在不足之处，在本书出版之际，我们真诚地希望读者对本书提出宝贵的意见和建议。

Since the first use of ether in clinical anesthesia in the mid-19th century, anesthesiology has undergone 160 years of development. Modern anesthesiology has become a comprehensive clinical subject based on physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Its scope covers clinical anesthesia, emergency resuscitation, severe monitoring and pain treatment and other aspects.In terms of clinical anesthesia, although the anesthesia operation is similar, the operation can involve brain, chest, abdominal cavity and other important organs. More importantly, the operation patients may also be complicated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and other organ system diseases, so almost no case of anesthesia treatment is completely the same. Therefore, anesthesiologists should not only be proficient in the theory and technology of clinical anesthesia and monitoring, but also fully understand the physiological, pathological changes and disturbances of surgical patients, as well as the interaction among the three under different conditions. Only in this way can we cope with the ever-changing clinical situation and regulate the internal environment and nuanced links of perioperative patients.

 In recent years, anesthesiology has made rapid development in China, including clinical anesthesia, treatment of critically ill patients and pain treatment. This puts forward higher requirements for clinical anesthesiologists. Anesthesiologists should not only be proficient in the theory and technology of clinical anesthesia and monitoring, and fully grasp the properties and efficacy of various anesthetics, but also have a full understanding of the physiological state, pathological changes and various effects of surgery on patients.
    Anesthesia is a variety of methods to eliminate pain in order to ensure the safety of patients and create good surgical conditions during operation or diagnostic examination. It is also used to control pain. With the rapid development of science and technology, anesthesiology has undergone profound changes in clinical anesthesia, first aid and resuscitation, severe monitoring and pain treatment. The research progress of physiology, pharmacology, pathology, surgery and molecular biology has enriched the theory of anesthesiology and promoted the progress of anesthesia technology.

前 言

自 19 世纪中叶首次将乙醚用于临床麻醉以来，麻醉学已经历了 160 年的发展，现代麻醉学已成为一门以生理、病理生理、药理为基础的综合性临床学科，其范畴涵盖临床麻醉、急救复苏、重症监测以及疼痛治疗等诸多方面。仅就临床麻醉而言，虽然麻醉操作大同小异，但手术可涉及颅脑、心胸、腹腔等重要器官，更为重要的是手术病人还可能合并高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等各个器官系统的疾病，因此几乎没有 1 例麻醉的处理完全相同。这就要求麻醉科医师不仅精通临床麻醉及监测的理论和技术，更要充分理解手术病人的生理、病理变化及扰乱，以及不同病情下手术麻醉三者的交互影响。唯此才能应对千变万化的临床情况，才能调控围术期病人的内环境及细致入微的各个环节。
      近年来，我国麻醉学取得飞速的发展，包括临床麻醉、危重病人的处理及疼痛治疗。这就对临床麻醉医师提出了更高的要求，麻醉医师不仅要精通临床麻醉及监测的有关理论和技术，充分掌握各种麻醉药的药性及药效，还要对手术病人的生理状态、病理改变及手术对病人可能产生的各种影响有充分的理解。

麻醉是施行手术或进行诊断性检查时，为保障患者安全、创造良好的手术条件而采取的消除疼痛的各种方法，亦用于控制疼痛。在科技高速发展的今天，麻醉学在临床麻醉、急救复苏、重症监测和疼痛治疗等方面发生了深刻的变化。生理、药理、病理学、外科学和分子生物学的研究进展，更加丰富和充实了麻醉学的理论，促进了麻醉技术的进步。

For a long time, the helplessness felt by the engineering and technical personnel in the front line of broadcasting technology and the ones who have just graduated from schools can be easily perceived. Facing the complex broadcasting system, they try to integrate into the broadcasting industry as soon as possible but in most cases, they don’t know how to achieve it. Without an effective, comprehensive and systematic guide book, they can only integrate into the industry by relying on their knowledge learned before and groping and re-studying by themselves. This procedure always takes a long time, ranging from three years to ten years, or even longer. Besides, the engineering personnel who engage in the specific part of broadcasting system always feel the difficulty of grasping the relative knowledge from the system level because of the limitation of their business. This also cause the waste of time, manpower cost and national resources.

   Entering the 21 centuries, China will speed up the implementation of the “smart radio and television” strategy, whose main purpose is to create the smart media and new smart kinetic energy and strengthen the ability of sustainable development. At present, China is striving to promote integration and innovation in ideas, contents, genres, forms, methods, means, formats, systems and mechanisms in order to form new thinking concepts, new technical means, and new systems and mechanisms that meet the requirements of the new development concept.

   China also requires the radio, television and other media to make great efforts to strengthen the construction of their international communication capacity. With rich information, distinct Chinese perspective and broad world vision, the media will publicize and explain China’s roads, China’s theories and China’s institutions to the international community and show the good image of China as a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of international order. Besides, the radio and television are required to give a good narration of Chinese story and a wide spread of Chinese voice, work hard on “the Belt and Road Initiatives”, consolidate the mainstream of Africa, open up Latin American market, stabilize the neighboring countries, enhance the influence on Europe and America and make further efforts to serve the national strategy.

前 言

长期以来，深感从事广播技术第一线的工程技术人员以及刚走出校门的技术人员，在从事广播系统工程时，常常对纷繁复杂的广播系统感到无从下手，虽然他们都想尽快融入广播事业中，但总觉得缺乏一种有效的、较全面的、系统的指导书，全靠自已结合原先学到的知识，再摸索和再学习总结，这个周期往往很长，少则三五年，多则十年八年，甚至还更久。还有就是由于每个从事具体局部系统工作的工程人员，受所从事的业务面的限制，也往往很难从系统的层面来较全面把握这些知识，从而造成时间和人力成本的浪费，造成国家资源的浪费。
       进入 21 世纪， 国家将加快实施“智慧广电” 战略， 其主旨在于打造智慧融媒体，创造智慧新动能，增强持续发展能力。目前，国家正着力推动融合创新，创新理念、内容、体裁、形式、方法、手段、业态、体制、机制，形成符合新发展理念要求的新思维观念、新技术手段、新体制机制。
       国家还要求广播电视等媒体下大力气加强国际传播能力建设，以丰富的信息资讯、鲜明的中国视角、广阔的世界眼光，向国际社会宣传阐释中国道路、中国理论、中国制度，展示中国作为世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者的良好形象；要求广播电视讲好中国故事、 传播好中国声音，深耕“一带一路”、巩固非洲主流、开拓拉美市场、稳固周边友邻、提升对欧美的影响，进一步服务好国家战略。

With the continuous development of economy, public construction infrastructure projects are also constantly improving. In this regard, highway engineering construction is the most fundamental infrastructure construction. In highway construction, a large amount of land is needed, and a large amount of funds are needed. At the same time, a large amount of land will be reclaimed. However, it requires strengthening the design work in the early stage of highway construction to make better use of land. At the same time, highway as an important infrastructure of social and economic development, with the concept of green development proposed, the construction of green highway has become the trend. At present, China’s highway construction is basically in accordance with the mode of “low consumption, low emission, low pollution, high efficiency, high efficiency and high efficiency”. Energy saving and emission reduction, ecological and environmental protection technologies have been applied in the construction, management systems have been established, and publicity and training work has been carried out.
   This book will be on highway safety design, highway landscape design based on traffic safety, ecological highway design concept and implementation, ecological highway slope restoration, green highway construction, green highway management evaluation of sustainable development concept, etc.

前 言

随着经济的不断发展，公共建设基础工程也在不断地提高，对此，公路工程建设是最根本的基础建设，而在公路建设中则需要大量的土地，需要大量的资金，在建设的同时会开垦大量的土地，然而如何能够更好地利用土地，这就需要加强公路建设前期的设计工作。同时，公路作为社会经济发展的重要基础设施，伴随着绿色发展概念的提出， 建设绿色公路已是潮流所趋。 目前， 我国公路建设基本上按照“低消耗、低排放、低污染，高效能、高效率、高效益”的模式建设，已经在建设中应用节能减排，生态环保技术，建立了管理制度，开展了宣传培训工作。
      本书将通过对公路安全设计、基于交通安全的公路景观设计、生态公路设计理念与实现、生态公路边坡恢复、绿色公路建设、可持续发展理念的绿色公路管理评价等方面进行了一定的阐述。