Planting industry is an important foundation of agriculture, grain, cotton and oil are important commodities related to national economy and people’s livelihood. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the rigid growth of consumption demand for grain and other major agricultural products, the increasing constraints of climate, arable land and water resources, and the increasing impact of changes in rural labor structure, the booming urban agriculture also puts forward new requirements for traditional agriculture. How to promote the sustainable and stable development of planting industry and realize the goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety” has become an important issue for agricultural workers to consider.
    Crop production is the core and foundation of agricultural production system. Crop products provide the most basic and necessary living materials for human survival, as well as feed for the development of animal husbandry and processing raw materials for industry. Understanding crop and its production process, and studying the theory and technology system of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, low consumption and environmental protection of crop are very important to improve the quantity and quality of crop products, increase the planting efficiency, protect the environment and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. Efficient crop production is of great significance to ensure food security and promote the development of national economy. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the subject of Agronomy from a macro perspective, aiming to give readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the origin of agriculture, the stage of agricultural development, agronomy and agricultural production technology, as well as some basic knowledge and theories related to crop planting. The author hopes that readers can get reference opinions through reading this book and contribute part of their strength to the development of agricultural construction of the motherland.

前 言

种植业是农业的重要基础，粮棉油是关系国计民生的重要商品。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，粮食等主要农产品消费需求刚性增长，气候、耕地和水资源约束日益增强，农村劳动力结构变化冲击增强，方兴未艾的都市农业也对传统农业提出了新的要求。如何促进种植业持续稳定发展，实现“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”目标成为农业工作者必须考虑的重要问题。
       作物生产是农业生产系统的核心和基础。作物产品为人类生存提供最基本、最必需的生活资料，同时还为畜牧业的发展提供饲料、为工业提供加工原料。了解作物及作物生产过程，研究作物高产、优质、高效、低耗、环保的理论与技术体系，对提高作物产品的数量和质量，提高种植效益，保护环境和实现农业持续发展至关重要。高效作物生产对保障我国粮食安全、推动国民经济发展具有重要意义。本书从宏观的角度全面系统地介绍了有关农学学科方面，旨在让读者从总体概貌上对农业的起源、农业发展阶段、农学及农业生产技术等有一个较为全面系统的认识和了解，并掌握一定的与作物种植方面相关的基本知识和基本理论。希望读者可以通过阅读本书获得参考性意见，为祖国的农业建设发展贡献自己的一部分力量。

Building decoration is the core part of the whole building. With the continuous improvement of people’s aesthetic concept, simple buildings have been difficult to meet the increasing spiritual and cultural needs. Therefore, as the center of the whole building, architectural decoration is not only related to people’s requirements, cultural literacy, appreciation level, knowledge structure, life experience, etc. At the same time, it is closely related to different use spaces. Because its decoration style acts on people’s mind, it causes different differences between different decorations. Therefor, each person has different thinking on the effect of the decoration environment of the building, and then brings influence to people’s spiritual world. With the development of society, the traditional security buildings no longer meet the needs of people, and the requirements for the architectural decoration of housing living space have become higher and higher. There are four requirements for decoration: first, comfort; second, safety; third, aesthetics; fourth, environmental protection. The quality control of building decoration engineering is an important part of construction control. Therefore, in order to improve the effect of decoration engineering, the reality is more complex in many processes, materials, machinery and personnel, and these important problems are faced by the current construction units. This book discusses in detail the quality control standards and requirements of each construction process of building decoration engineering, and provides the control standards for the quality management of decoration engineering.

前 言

建筑装饰是整个建筑物的核心部分，随着人们审美观的不断提升，简单的建筑已经很难满足日渐提升的精神文化需求。因此，建筑装饰作为整个建筑的重心，它不仅与人们的要求、文化素养、欣赏水平、知识结构、生活阅历等有很大关系。同时，还与不同的使用空间有密切联系。由于其装饰格调作用于人们的心灵，所以，引起不同的装饰之间产生不同的区别。因此，每个人对建筑物的装饰环境效果表现出不同的思维，进而给人们的精神世界带来影响。随着社会的发展，传统的保障建筑已经不再满足人们的需求，对于房屋居住空间的建筑装饰的要求变得已经越来越高。对于装修装饰的要求四点：一是舒适性；二是安全性；三是美观性；四是环保性。建筑装饰工程的质量控制是施工控制内重要的部分。所以，为了提高装饰工程效果，在很多工序、材料、机械以及人员方面现实比较复杂，而这些重要的问题是当前各施工单位所面临的。本书详细论述了建筑装饰工程各施工工序质量控制标准与要求，为装饰工程质量管理提供控制标准。

Due to the sustained development of the global economy, China’s industrialization and scientific level have been improved. Since the development of the 1940s, people’s travel requirements no longer just stay on the road, but pay more attention to the construction quality of multiple travel projects such as roads and bridges, so as to greatly
improve the convenience of people’s travel.
    For the current highway bridge construction process, its own level has been developed to a certain extent. Taking the overpass as an example, this paper analyzes its own construction foundation and development status. The construction technology of bridge rotation plays an important role. At the same time, the research on the trend of large-span and large tonnage of swivel bridges is gradually starting. But according to the current situation of our country, compared with developed countries, there is still a certain gap in the theory of rotary construction technology, and there is no more perfect normative document. Therefore, in order to promote the bridge construction in China to a better direction, it is necessary to understand the core content of the rotary construction technology from the theoretical point of view.
    Therefore, this book elaborates and analyzes the highway engineering and bridge construction from 13 chapters, and discusses the current construction technology, hoping to promote the development and progress of the road and Bridge cause in China.

前 言

由于全球经济的持续发展， 中国工业化及科学水平得到提升。 上世纪 40 年代发展至今，人们对于出行要求不单单停留在“有路走就行”，而更加注重公路、桥梁等多个出行工程的施工质量，进而大幅度提升人们出行的便捷性。

对于当前公路桥梁的建设过程而言，自身水平得到了一定程度的发展，为此以跨线桥为例，针对性分析其自身建设基础与发展现状。桥梁转体施工技术有着极为重要的作用，同时当前转体桥梁也逐渐开始向大跨度与大吨位的趋势研究。但根据我国当前的现状，针对转体施工技术的相关理论与发达国家还存在一定差距，也没有较为完善的规范性文件，所以为推动我国桥梁施工朝更好的方向迈进，必须从理论的角度了解转体施工技术需要具备的核心内容。
      因此，本书从十三章内容对公路工程与桥梁施工进行阐述与分析，对当前的施工技术进行谈论，希望能够促进我国路桥事业的发展与进步。

In today’s society, what people need most is a healthy body and mind, but due to various factors, some people will also produce a variety of diseases. And some of these diseases will make patients have severe pain, seriously affect the treatment of patients’ diseases and patients’ rehabilitation life, and even affect patients’ mental health, resulting in mental illness. In order to treat patients better, we must first reduce the pain of patients. Therefore, the treatment and rehabilitation of pain in various diseases are of great significance to the treatment of patients.
    People in daily life and work will be faced with a variety of pain disorders, affecting the normal state of life. Pain medicine has a wide range, the more common ones are head pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, chest and back pain, waist and buttock pain, limb joint pain and various other pain, the vast majority of people have experienced the interference of the above pain. Therefore, it is of great significance for the development of medicine to continuously improve the research of pain medicine, update the examination and evaluation techniques of pain medicine, improve the management mode of pain medicine, and improve the rehabilitation treatment and nursing level of pain medicine, which is also conducive to the physical and mental health of people and the harmonious development of society.

前 言

在当今社会中，人们最需要的就是一个健康的身体和心理，但由于各种因素，部分人也会产生各种各样的疾病。且其中部分疾病会使得病人产生剧烈的疼痛感，严重影响了对病人疾病的治疗以及病人的康复生活， 甚至还会影响病人的心理健康，产生心理疾病。要想更好的对病人进行治疗，首先就要减轻病人的疼痛感。因此，各种疾病中的疼痛治疗和疼痛康复对病人的治疗有着重要的意义。
        人们在日常生活和工作当中会面临着各种疼痛疾病的困扰，影响了正常的生活状态。疼痛医学的范围较广，较为常见的有头部疼痛、颈部疼痛、肩部疼痛、胸背部疼痛、腰臀部疼痛、四肢关节疼痛以及各种其他疼痛，绝大多数人都经历过以上几种疼痛的干扰，因此，不断提高对疼痛医学的研究，更新疼痛医学检查和评定技术方法，改善疼痛医学管理模式，提高疼痛医学的康复治疗和护理水平，对医学的发展有着重要的意义，也有利于人们的身心健康，促进社会的和谐发展。

With the improvement and development of China’s market economy mechanism,China’s infrastructure construction is also significantly enhanced, especially the investment in highway transportation facilities, which provides a rare development opportunity for highway construction units. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for more highway construction units, and people pay special attention to the improvement of project quality in the construction link and management. This is not only related to the overall image of the enterprise, but also related to the safety of people’s life and property. Therefore, only by strengthening the quality of highway bridges, can we make the construction of highway bridges more scientific and standardized.
    Although in recent years, China’s highway construction has made great progress, especially the construction technology and management level have been developed to a certain extent. However, there are still many deficiencies in many aspects, among which the quality problem of highway is the most prominent. Different from other construction projects, highway construction is a highly complex and important project. On the other hand, on the basis of ensuring the construction progress, we should be able to control the cost of highway construction as much as possible, and at the same time, we should be able to strictly meet the quality requirements of highway bridges. If we can’t supervise and manage the construction of highway bridge effectively, it is likely to cause some hidden dangers to the safety of highway. Therefore, this paper discusses the development of highway, subgrade engineering, pavement engineering, special subgrade engineering, asphalt pavement engineering, cement concrete pavement engineering construction technology, construction machinery, construction methods, project management and bridge engineering construction and management.

前 言

随着我国市场经济机制的完善和发展，我国的基础设施建设力度也明显增多，特别是对于公路交通设施基础上的投资力度也明显增强，这给予公路建设单位提供了不可多得的发展机遇。同时也给更多的公路建设单位提出了更高的要求。尤其是对施工环节和管理方面能够特别注重工程质量的提升，这不仅仅是关系到企业的整体形象，更是关系到人民的生命和财产安全，所以，只有加强公路桥梁的质量，才有促使我国公路桥梁的工程施工更加的科学化和规范化。
       尽管在近些年来我国公路建设取得长足进步，特别在施工技术和管理层面上都得到一定的发展。但是在很多的方面还是存着不足之处。而其中主要是公路的质量问题是最突出的，在公路建设方面与其他的建设工程不同，这是一项具有高度复杂性和重要性的工程项目，从另外一方面来说，在保证施工进度的基础上要能够尽可能控制好公路建设的成本支出，同时还要能够严格满足公路桥梁的质量要求。如果不能对公路桥梁施工环节进行有效监督和管理，这就很有可能给公路的安全造成一定的隐患。为此，本文从当前我国的公路的发展、路基工程、路面工程、特殊路基工程、沥青路面工程、水泥混凝土路面工程施工技术、施工机械、施工方法以及项目管理和桥梁工程施工与管理等方面展开论述。