With the national attention to water conservancy infrastructure projects, the water conservancy project construction is about to enter the peak. However, the current situation is that the number and quality of water conservancy engineering technical personnel are far from meeting the requirements, especially the management and technical level of the actual project leaders of small and medium-sized water conservancy projects are relatively low, and the project quality and safety situation are worrying. In order to improve the awareness of contract, safety, environment and quality of the person in charge of the construction site, this book is compiled in combination with the problems encountered in the construction process.
    This book is written in the principle of systematicness, integrity, preciseness and practicality on the premise of being few and precise and easy to master. This book combines practical needs, carries out the theory with practice, helps to master the basic methods and management knowledge of water conservancy project construction more easily, and can apply the learned theoretical methods in engineering practice.
    The construction and management of water conservancy project is an application-oriented course combining theory with practice. The paper introduces the construction organization and management of water conservancy project in the form of project method and task driven. This book not only pays attention to basic knowledge, but also combines with the actual situation of water conservancy project construction, according to the requirements of vocational education, combined with teaching reform practice, in strict accordance with the requirements of new specifications, new standards and new technologies of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, highlights the practicability in the compilation process, and puts forward knowledge objectives and ability objectives in the form of task driven, and each task is attached with targeted task training , is easy to learn.

前 言

随着水利基本建设项目得到国家的高度重视，水利工程建设即将进入高峰，而目前的现状是水利工程技术人员的数量及质量远远满足不了要求，特别是中小型水利工程现场实际工程负责人的管理和技术水平较低， 工程质量、 安全状况令人堪忧。为了提高施工现场负责人的合同、安全、环境、质量意识，结合施工过程常遇问题，编写了本书。

本书是在少而精、易掌握的前提下，以系统性，完整性、严谨性和实用性的原则编写的。本书结合实践需求，贯彻理论联系实际，帮助能够更容易的去掌握水利工程施工的基本方法和管理知识，能把所学的理论方法在工程实践中加以应用。

水利工程施工与管理是一门理论与实践紧密结合的应用型课程，以项目法和任务驱动的形式介绍了水利工程的施工组织与管理，本书在注重基础知识的同时，结合水利工程施工实际，按照职业教育的要求，结合教学改革实践，严格遵照水利水电工程的新规范、新标准、新技术的要求，在编写过程中突出实用性，以任务驱动的形式提出知识目标和能力目标，每个任务都附有针对性的任务训练，便于学习。

With the development of society and science and technology, the scale, function, shape and corresponding construction technology of buildings are becoming more and more large, complex and diversified. At the same time, with the rapid development of China’s economy and science and technology, new materials, new equipment and new structures have been widely used in the field of civil engineering. It can be said that in today’s era, civil engineering industry ushered in the spring of development. Accordingly, how to make the civil engineering industry achieve faster and better development, and constantly improve the competitiveness of the industry in the fierce market competition, has become a subject of great concern and attention of relevant workers.
    Over the past 70 years since the founding of the people’s Republic of China, great achievements have been made in civil engineering construction in China, especially in recent years. New high-rise buildings, exhibition centers, railways, highways, bridges, ports and waterways and large-scale water conservancy projects have sprung up all over the country. New structures, new materials and new technologies are being vigorously studied, developed and applied. Relevant workers will design a more optimized scheme for civil engineering construction to ensure the quality of the project, shorten the construction period and improve economic benefits. In promoting the industry to achieve faster and better development, to win more economic and social benefits at the same time, for more people to provide a more superior working, learning and living environment. Civil engineering is a comprehensive specialty of technology and human management, which has become more professional, complex and systematic in recent years.
    This book is mainly from the basic concept of civil engineering, through deepening the study of civil engineering construction technology, so as to ensure the quality of the whole project construction and improve the efficiency of engineering construction.

前 言

随着社会和科技的发展，建筑物的规模、功能、造型和相应的建筑技术越来越大型化、复杂化和多样化。同时，随着我国经济的发展和科学技术的日新月异，新材料、新设备、新结构在土木工程领域得到了广泛地应用。可以说，在当今时代，土木工程行业迎来了发展的春天。相应的，如何让土木工程行业实现更快更好的发展，在激烈的市场竞争中不断地提高行业竞争力，成为了相关工作者十分关心和重视的课题。
      中华人民共和国成立 70 多年来， 我国的土木工程建设取得了巨大成就， 特别是近年来的发展极为迅猛，新的高楼大厦、展览中心、铁路、公路、桥梁、港口航道及大型水利工程在祖国各地如雨后春笋般涌现，新结构、新材料、新技术在大力研究、开发和应用中，相关工作者将设计出更为优化的方案进行土木工程建设，以保证工程质量、缩短建设工期、提高经济效益。在促进行业实现更快更好的发展，赢得更多的经济效益和社会效益的同时，为更多的民众提供一个更为优越的工作，学习和生活环境。土木工程专业是一个技术与人为管理的综合性专业，近年来也变得更为专业、复杂和系统。
       本书主要是从土木工程基本概念入手，通过加深对于土木工程施工技术的研究，从而保证整个工程建设的质量，提高工程施工的效率。

At present, water resources are increasingly affecting the economic and social development and the improvement of ecological environment. The total amount of water resources in China is relatively rich, but the per capita share of water resources in China is low, and the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven, which does not match the land resources and economic layout, so it is difficult to develop and utilize water resources. On the whole, it is faced with serious drought and flood disasters, prominent contradiction between supply and demand, extensive water use methods, and great pressure on water ecological environment. With the continuous growth of population, acceleration of urbanization, economic and social development, improvement of people’s living standards and global climate change, the contradictions and problems of water resources in China will continue to intensify, especially in the northern region. Due to the influence of continuous drought and human activities, the problem of water resources is more prominent.
    The problem of water resources and water environment is being paid attention to by all walks of life. Reasonable development and utilization of water resources, scientific treatment of sewage, and strengthening the management and protection of water resources have become an important means and guarantee measures for the sustainable development of human environment, economy and society. The protection of water resources and the treatment of water pollution are very important contents. Therefore, it is necessary to put the protection of water resources in a more important position. It is proposed to strengthen environmental protection, actively promote regional environmental governance of key river basins, urban sewage and garbage treatment, agricultural non-point source pollution control, comprehensive treatment of heavy metal pollution, and strengthening the development of water resources science and technology. The rational utilization and protection of water resources is not only a major strategy that must be vigorously developed and urgently promoted in our country at this stage, but also a common subject faced by human society

前 言

当前，水资源正日益影响着我国区城经济社会发展与生态环境改善。我国水资源总量较为丰富，但是我国水资源人均占有量低、时空分布不均，与国土资源和经济布局不相匹配，开发利用难度大，总体上面临着旱涝灾害严重、供需矛盾突出、用水方式粗放、水生态环境压力大等水问题。随着我国人口不断增长、城市化进程加快、经济社会发展、人民生活水平提高和全球气候变化，我国水资源面临的矛盾与问题会不断加剧，特别是北方地区，由于气候持续干旱和人类活动的影响，水资源间题更加突出。
       水资源水环境问题正受到各界的关注和重视。合理开发与利用水资源，科学治理污水，加强水资源管理与保护已经成为当前人类维持环境、经济和社会可持续发展的重要手段和保证措施。水资源的保护和水污染的治理都是十分重要的内容，因此要把水资源保护摆到更加重要的位置，提出要加强环境保护，积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治、加强水资源科技发展等工作。水资源的合理利用与保护，不仅是我国现阶段必须大力发展和急需推进的重大战略，更是人类社会共同面临的课题。 

Human beings have experienced six information technology revolutions.
     Language ability is the watershed between human beings and animals. The emergence of language is a key step in the evolution of apes to humans. From then on, human beings have separated from the animal world. This can be regarded as the first information technology revolution of mankind.
     The emergence of text, so that information can be recorded, saved. This is the second information technology revolution.
    The invention of paper and printing can be called the third information technology revolution. Because of paper and printing, all the achievements of human civilization can be widely recorded, spread and carried forward. So far, the inheritance of human history and knowledge mainly relies on the paper media.
     At the beginning of the 20th century, the discovery of electromagnetic wave and the invention of radio technology made the long-distance and instant transmission of information a reality. Human beings really felt the power of science. This is worthy of being called the fourth information technology revolution in human history.
    With the industrial revolution, the application of electricity and the emergence of electronic technology have led to a series of inventions and creations in the field of information, such as radio, television, telephone, telegraph, mobile communication, photography, recording and video recording and information storage technology, etc., especially important is the emergence of integrated circuit and the birth of electronic computer. We attribute the invention and creation of information field in this period to the fifth information technology revolutions.
    At the end of the 20th century, the emergence of the Internet should be the sixth information technology revolution. The reason why it should be listed separately is that it has almost subverted the way of human life for thousands of years, and its potential influence on human development is far from over.
    Today, we can say without exaggeration that mankind has stood on the eve of another new information technology revolution. This information technology revolution will surpass the previous six revolutions. Mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and robots will once again change the way of life and production of human society. In particular, we must point out that 5g communication is inevitable. To this end, here for the readers in the communication technology leading city teaching and research results. The reason why this book is named Research on the Application of New Communication Technology and Information System is that we hope that what we give readers is the new things that keep pace with the times in this leading city. Of course, in order to connect the preceding and the following, we must start with the traditional communication technology, but most of the content comes from the latest research results and engineering practice, which is closely related to people’s life and work.

前 言

人类已经经历了六次信息技术的革命。
      语言能力是人类与动物的分水岭。语言的出现是猿进化到人的过程中关键的一步，从此，人类脱离了动物世界。这可以算作人类的第一次信息技术革命。
      文字的出现，让信息可以被记录，被保存。这是第二次信息技术革命。
      纸和印刷术的发明可以称为第三次信息技术革命。因为有了纸和印刷术，所有人类文明成果才得以广泛地被记载、传播和发扬光大。迄今为止，人类的历史和知识得以传承主要依赖纸质媒体。
      20 世纪初，电磁波的发现和无线电技术的发明，让信息的远距离即时传播成为现实，人类真正感受到了科学的力量，这当之无愧地称得上人类历史上的第四次信息技术革命。
      伴随着工业革命，电的应用和电子技术的出现带动了一系列信息领域的发明和创造，如广播、电视、电话、电报、移动通信、照相、录音录像和信息存储技术等等，尤为重要的是集成电路的出现和电子计算机的诞生，我们把这个时期的信息领域的发明创造归结为第五次信息技术革命。
      20 世纪末，互联网的出现应该是第六次信息技术革命，之所以要把它单独列出来，是因为它的出现几乎颠覆了人类几千年的生活方式，而且，它对人类发展的潜在影响力还远远没有结束。
       今天，我们可以毫不夸张地说，人类已经站到了又一次新的信息技术革命的前夜，这次信息技术革命将超越前六次革命，移动互联、云计算、大数据、人工智能、机器人将又一次改变人类社会的生活和生产方式。特别要指出的是，我们不可回避的 5G 通信将大行其道。为此，在这里为读者奉上多年以来在通信技术领城教学和科研的一些成果。本书之所以以“通信新技术与信息系统应用研究”为名，就是希望我们给予读者的是这个领城里与时俱进的新东西。当然为了承上启下，我们必须从传统的通信技术讲起，但大部分内容都来自于当前最新的研究成果与工程实践，与人们的生活和工作息息相关。

Water is the main basic material for the survival and development of human society. ith the increase of population and the continuous improvement of urbanization level, the demand for water resources is also increasing, but the supply of water resources is quite limited. The shortage of water resources and the pollution of water environment have become one of the major problems attracting worldwide attention. The crisis of water resources is increasingly perplexing the survival and development of human beings. China is a country with less fresh water resources per capita in the world, which is listed as one of the global poor water countries by the United Nations. Water resources and water environment have become the restricting factors for the sustainable development of social economy, and some serious water shortage areas have greatly affected people’s normal life. In addition to natural causes, the impact of human factors is also very prominent. The lack of systematic planning of water resources utilization, waste of water and extensive management lead to the coexistence of water shortage and waste, shortage and pollution, which aggravates the lack of water resources and forms water resources crisis to a certain extent.
    How to deal with the water problem depends not only on the scientific and technological and economic basis, but also on the rational planning and scientific management of water administrative departments. Water resources planning and management is formed under this background. It is an important part of water conservancy work, and plays an important guiding role in the rational development and utilization, optimal allocation and effective protection of water resources.
    Due to the limited experience of the editor, there are inevitably shortcomings and errors in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

水是人类社会赖以生存和发展的主要基础物质。随着人口的增加，城市化水平的不断提高，对水资源的需求量亦不断增加，而水资源供给却相当有限，水资源短缺和水环境污染已成为举世瞩目的重大问题之一，水资源危机日益困扰着人类的生存和发展。我国是世界上人均占有淡水资源较少的国家，被联合国列为全球贫水国之一。水资源和水环境已成为制约了社会经济持续发展的制约要素，个别严重缺水地区已经极大地影响了人民正常生活。水资源危机的产生，除自然原因外，人为因素的影响也非常突出。水资源利用缺乏系统的规划，用水浪费，管理粗放，造成水的短缺与浪费、短缺与污染并存，从而更加剧了水资源的缺乏，在一定程度上形成了水资源危机。
       如何应对水问题，不仅要靠科学技术和经济基础来保障，更要靠水行政主管部门的合理规划和科学管理。水资源规划与管理正是在这一背景下形成的，它是水利工作的重要组成部分，对水资源的合理开发利用、优化调配和有效保护具有重要的指导作用。
       由于编者的经验有限，书中难免存在缺点和错误，敬请各位读者给子批评和指正。