China is a country with an ancient civilization, known as the “state of etiquette”. With the further development of reform and opening up, tourism as a sunrise industry needs to study etiquette. Confucius told his disciples that the thought of “no learning etiquette, no foundation” continued the whole history of Chinese civilization; Xunzi said, “you will not live without etiquette; thing will impossible without etiquette, the country will restless without etiquette”. As a nation with 5000 years of civilization, learning and applying etiquette is particularly important for carrying forward national culture and displaying national spirit. In recent years, in the situation of national courtesy, etiquette as a display of personal grace and charm, reflecting the inner knowledge and cultivation in the teaching theory and practical application have made fruitful results. There are many theories and opinions from professionals, but it is not systematic enough to study etiquette from the perspective of tourism.
    Through the etiquette study and training in practice, students can show good personal quality and cultivation with elegant behavior, decent dress and polite speech, which has become an indispensable subject in contemporary university classroom.
      According to the characteristics of tourism and hotels in the new era, we emphasize the imparts of knowledge, skills and etiquette training, focus on practical operation ability, pay attention to the interestingness, vividness and operability of learning, emphasize the interaction between teaching and learning and the practice inside and outside the classroom, and carry out analysis and research in many aspects.

前 言

中国是一个文明古国， 素有“礼仪之邦”之美称。 随着改革开放的进一步发展，作为朝阳产业的旅游业岂能不研究礼仪。孔子告诚弟子“不学礼，无以立”的思想延续了整个中华民族的文明史；荀子云：“人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。作为具有 5000 年文明史的“礼仪之邦”学习礼仪，应用礼仪，对弘扬民族文化，展示民族精神尤为重要。近年来，在全民尚礼的形势下，礼仪作为展示个人风度与魅力， 体现内在学识与修养在教学理论与实践应用方面都取得了丰硕的成果。专业人士相关方面的理论陈述颇多，建树十分成熟完备，但是从旅游业角度出发来研究礼仪还不够系统。在实践中通过礼仪学习与训练，学生能以优雅的举止、得体的服饰、礼貌的谈吐展现出良好的个人素质和修养，这已是当代大学课堂不可缺少的一门学科。
       在编写中我们针对新时代下旅游和酒店的特点强调知识的传授、技能和礼仪的训练，重点突出实际操作能力，注重了学习的趣味性和生动性及可操作性，强调教与学的互动和课堂内外的实践，多方面进行的分析和研究。

Chinese Language and Literature, as the crystallization of Chinese character culture, is a bright pearl in Chinese traditional culture. It can provide rich information for the study of Chinese culture and Chinese history. It plays an irreplaceable role in the process of carrying forward traditional culture and inheriting national spirit. It has high humanistic value and social science value.
    In the new media environment, people are more and more dependent on the network, more accustomed to mobile phones, computers typing, often unable to write correctly with a pen, and this phenomenon is particularly prominent among young people. In addition, the emergence of network catchwords also has a great impact on the study of Chinese Language and Literature. Network catchwords are a new form of language gradually formed in the new media environment. They are common in QQ, wechat, microblog, forum, website comment area and other network social platforms. They reflect social phenomena or problems by innovating language and endowing it with personalized characteristics. The high degree of freedom of network speech makes the Chinese language expression and habits more and more casual, which affects the formation of correct Chinese language thinking mode and norms, and is not conducive to the smooth development of Chinese language and literature teaching.
    But on the other hand, the rapid development of new media has also brought good opportunities for the development of Chinese Language and Literature. But on the other hand, the rapid development of new media has also brought good opportunities for the development of Chinese Language and Literature. On the one hand, with the help of rich network teaching resources, we can re integrate, expand and improve the teaching content and teaching methods of Chinese language and literature, increase students’ initiative and participation in professional courses learning, and objectively promote the self evolution of teachers’ team and promote the smooth progress of education reform. The combination of current hot topics on the Internet and Chinese Language and Literature teaching can make the teaching of Chinese Language and Literature return to life, help students develop good thinking mode of Chinese language and standard language habits, and make full preparation for the correct use in future work and life.
    The influence of new media environment on Chinese Language and Literature has attracted wide attention of the industry. This book is compiled in this context, hoping to make its own contribution to promoting the reform and innovation of Chinese Language and Literature teaching and improving the teaching level and quality of Chinese Language and Literature by taking advantage of the relationship between new media and Chinese Language and Literature teaching.

In the process of compiling this book, many references have been referred to. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the author.
    Due to the limited level of the author, there are inevitably mistakes or omissions in the content of the book. Readers are welcome to make corrections so as to further improve the book.

前 言

汉语言文学作为汉字文化的结晶，是我国传统文化中的一颗璀璨明珠，能够为中华文化与中国历史的研究提供丰富的资料，在弘扬传统文化、传承民族精神过程中发挥着不可替代作用，具有较高的人文价值和社会科学价值。

新媒体环境下，人们对网络的依赖性越来越强，更加习惯手机、电脑打字，往往无法用笔正确书写文字，这种现象在年轻人群体中尤为突出。再加上网络流行语的出现，亦给汉语言文学的学习造成了不小的影响。网络流行语是新媒体环境下逐渐形成的一种新的用语形式，常见于 QQ、微信、微博、论坛、网站评论区等网络社交平台，是通过对语言加以创新，赋予其个性化特点来反映社会现象或问题。网络发言的高度自由特点，使得汉语言用语方式与习惯越来越随意，影响了正确汉语言思维方式与规范的形成，不利于汉语言文学教学的顺利开展。
       但是在另一方面，新媒体的迅速发展，也给汉语言文学的发展带来了良好的机遇。一方面，可以借助丰富的网络教学资源，对汉语言文学教学内容、教学方式进行重新整合、扩充与提升，加大学生在专业课程学习时的主动性和参与度，同时客观上能够促进教师团队的自我进化，促进教育改革的顺利进行。并将当下网络热点话题与汉语言文学教学相结合，使汉语言文学教学回归生活，帮助学生养成良好的汉语言思维方式以及规范的用语习惯，为未来工作生活中的正确使用做足准备。
       新媒体环境对于汉语言文学这种好坏兼有的影响已经引起业内人士的广泛关注和重视，本书在此背景下进行编写，希望借此厘清新媒体与汉语言文学教学之间的关系，为促进汉语言文学教学改革创新，提高汉语言文学教学水平与教学质量做出自己的贡献。
       本书在编写过程中参考了诸多文献，在此谨向其作者表示诚挚的谢意。
       由于作者水平有限，书中内容难免有所错误或疏漏，欢迎读者指正，以便本书的进一步完善。

With the rapid development of science and technology and economy in China, metallurgical engineering has achieved unprecedented development. And metallurgical engineering design has a special meaning for the development of metallurgical engineering. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of theoretical knowledge and more and more practice, our country has been qualified for large-scale iron and steel production. The theory of metallurgical engineering design is constantly improving. Gradually formed in line with the national conditions of China’s design, production ideas and their own unique research methods. As far as the current production level of China is concerned, our country has been in the forefront of the world. It has been used for reference and recognized by many countries in the world. This paper mainly analyzes and introduces the design process and development process of metallurgical engineering. In the future development process of metallurgical enterprises, in addition to the original metallurgical functions, many other functions are added to improve the production efficiency, ensure the quality and protect the environment, which is consistent with the market development. In this way, the core competitiveness of the enterprise can be enhanced, and the healthy and sustainable development of the enterprise can be ensured. The production cost should be reasonably controlled to improve the production efficiency and reduce the waste of resources. Therefore, the enterprise must carry on the innovation to the design idea and the design aspect, will raise the production level.
    This book introduces in detail the basic knowledge, basic concepts, design ideas, design methods and design steps of metallurgical engineering process design. Metallurgical engineering design and construction is a comprehensive technology, which is based on engineering science and focuses on application. In order to transform the scientific and technological achievements of relevant leading cities into productive forces as soon as possible, in addition to the theoretical literacy of scientific and technological personnel and whether they have mastered the correct development methods, understanding and mastering the basic principles and methods of design is another important influencing factor.

前 言

随着我国科技与经济的快速发展，冶金工程取得了前所未有的发展。而冶金工程设计对于冶金工程的发展有着非同一般的含义。在我国这些年理论知识的不断完善,实践越来越多的条件下，我们国家已经具备了大型钢铁生产的资格。冶金工程设计理论也在不断完善。逐步形成符合我国国情的设计，生产理念以及自己独特的研究方法。就我国目前成产水平，我国已经挤在世界前列。得到国际上许多国家的借鉴和认可。本文将主要分析介绍冶金工程的设计过程和发展历程。冶金企业在今后的发展过程当中，在基于原有的冶金功能之外，还添加了许多其他方面的功能，在将生产效率提升的同时，确保质量，对环境起到保护的作用，与市场发展相吻合，如此以来便可将企业的核心竞争力提升上来，确保企业的健康可持续发展，对冶金生产的成本进行合理控制，将生产效率提升上来，减少资源的浪费情况。所以，企业必须要对设计理念和设计方面进行创新，将生产水平提升上来。
       本书详细介绍了冶金工程工艺设计的基础知识、基本概念、设计思想、设计方法以及设计步骤等。冶金工程设计与施工是一门综合技术，它基于工程科学，重点是应用。要把相关领城科技成果尽快转化为生产力，除了科技和工程人员自身的理论素养和是否掌握了正确的开发方法外，了解并掌握设计的基本原理和方法是另一重要的影响因素。

Literature and art work is an important part of the cause of the Party and the state. Whether during the revolutionary war or peacebuilding, under the leadership of the Party, artists held the torch of the national spirit and sounded the clarion call for progress of the times, playing an irreplaceable and important role in rallying strength and inspiring people through various artistic means. As the saying goes, “art” is based on “thought”. Without correct theoretical direction and profound historical accumulation, it is difficult to make achievements in art. Students of art colleges and universities should shoulder the mission of the times of prospering socialist advanced culture and improving China’s cultural soft power, and the historical responsibility of reflecting people’s spiritual world and leading people’s spiritual life. It is the ultimate goal of talent training in art colleges and universities and the fundamental guarantee for the great development and prosperity of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics to cultivate and bring up a large number of artistic talents with noble ideological quality, good moral cultivation and solid professional skills.
    Although the number of art students in total is far less than that of liberal arts students and science students, but they participate in social art life in a wide and deep degree, and have a high chance to become public figures and even stars, and have a great influence in social life. In addition, due to the negative influence of social art life, their art worship often becomes deformed and distorted, and some bad artists with bad behaviors (such as drug taking, speculation, nudity, vulgar and kitsch behaviors like paid waitresses) even become the objects of imitation of art students in school. This situation highlights the particularity, difficulty and importance of ideological and political theory teaching in art colleges after enrollment expansion.

前 言

文艺工作是党和国家事业的重要组成部分。 无论在革命战争年代还是在和平建设时期，广大文艺工作者在党的领导下，高擎民族精神火炬，吹响时代进步号角，通过各种艺术方式凝聚力量、鼓舞人心，发挥了不可替代的重要作用。俗话说“艺”基于“思”。没有正确的理论方向，缺少深厚的历史积淀，就难以在艺术上有所建树。艺术院校的学生要担负起繁荣社会主义先进文化、 提高我国文化软实力的时代使命和反映人民精神世界、引领人民精神生活的历史重任。培养和造就大量具有高尚思想品质和良好道德修养、掌握扎实专业技能的德艺双馨的艺术人才，是艺术院校人才培养的最终目标，也是推动中国特色社会主义文化大发展和大繁荣的根本保证。

艺术生的人数在总量上虽然远远不及文科生、理科生多，但他们参与社会艺术生活的面广而且程度深，成为社会公众人物乃至明星的几率高，在社会生活中的影响特别大。加之社会艺术生活的不良影响，他们的艺术崇拜也往往变得畸形和扭曲，一些有不良行为（如吸毒、炒作、裸露、有偿陪侍等低俗、庸俗、媚俗行为）的不良艺人甚至成为在校艺术生的模仿对象。这种状况，更加凸显了扩招之后艺术院校思想政治理论课教学的特殊性、艰巨性和重要性。

The construction of water conservancy project is the work of building water conservancy project according to the requirements of engineering structure, quantity, quality, progress and cost proposed by the design. The application, operation, maintenance and protection of water conservancy project is an important part of water conservancy project management. After the completion of water conservancy project, effective management is necessary to achieve the expected effect and verify the correctness of original planning and design; the basic task of project management is to maintain the integrity and safety of engineering buildings and equipment, and make them in good technical condition; in order to control, regulate, distribute and use water resources, we should correctly use water conservancy engineering equipment, and give full play to the benefits of flood control, irrigation and water supply, drainage, power generation, shipping and environmental protection. Doing well in the construction and management of water conservancy project is a powerful guarantee for the function of the project.
    Due to the vast territory of our country, the natural conditions in different regions are very different, and the structures of water conservancy projects are changeable. Due to the restriction of hydrometeorological conditions, the construction of water conservancy projects is seasonal; due to the complex terrain and geological conditions, many projects are located in remote mountainous areas, and the transportation is inconvenient. Therefore, it is of great significance and role to ensure the quality of the project, shorten the construction period, reduce the project cost and improve the project efficiency.
    Due to the limited experience of the editor, there are inevitably shortcomings anderrors in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

水利工程施工是按照设计提出的工程结构、数量、质量、进度及造价等要求修建水利工程的工作。水利工程的运用、操作、维修和保护工作，是水利工程管理的重要组成部分，水利工程建成后，必须通过有效的管理，才能实现预期的效果和验证原来规划、 设计的正确性； 工程管理的基本任务是保持工程建筑物和设备的完整、安全，使其处于良好的技术状况；正确运用水利工程设备，以控制、调节、分配、使用水资源，充分发挥其防洪、灌溉供水、排水、发电、航运、环境保护等效益。做好水利工程的施工与管理是发挥工程功能的鸟之两翼、车之双轮。
       由于我国幅员辽阔， 各地区自然条件差异甚大， 水利工程枢纽建筑物千变万化。水利工程建设中由于受水文气象条件制约，施工季节性强；因地形地质条件复杂，工程又多地处偏远山区，交通运输不便，其工程困难极多。因此认真做好水利工程设计，对保证工程质量、缩短建设周期、降低工程造价和提高工程效益等都有十分重要的意义和作用。
       由于编者的经验有限， 书中难免存在缺点和错误， 敬请各位读者给子批评和指正。