With the rapid development of China’s economy, construction has become the most dynamic industry. Throughout the country, tens of thousands of high-rise buildings have sprung up; the rapid development of highway and railway construction has made remarkable achievements. The crisscross highway network and railway network continue to extend and improve, effectively promoting the sustained, rapid and healthy growth of the national economy. At present, the scale and variety of construction projects are expanding day by day, showing a vigorous development momentum. In the past 20 years, China’s highway construction has achieved leapfrog development, and has completed the 40 years’ journey of developed countries. Due to the construction speed is too fast, the design cycle is short and the design concept is old, some problems are exposed in the highway survey and design. Among them, it is an important task for highway builders to deal with the harmonious relationship between highway development and environment and the effective utilization of resources.
    For the whole construction industry, improving the technical level and professional skills of construction personnel can effectively improve product quality and social benefits. For construction personnel, improving their professional quality, especially some high-tech operation level, can greatly improve the efficiency of labor production, reduce labor intensity, speed up the progress of the project, and reduce safety accidents. Therefore, improving the professional and technical level of the majority of construction personnel has become the top priority of the construction industry. Starting from the design of highway engineering, this paper discusses the whole process of highway engineering, so as to deepen the research of highway engineering design, ensure the quality of highway engineering, and improve the construction quality of highway engineering.

前 言

随着我国经济的快速发展， 建设已成为当今最具有活力的一个行业。 纵观全国，数以万计的高楼拔地而起；公路、铁路建设发展迅猛，成就斐然，纵横交错的公路网和铁路网不断延伸、完善，有力地推动着国民经济持续快速健康增长。当前，建设工程的规模日益扩大，种类日益繁多，呈现出蓬勃发展的势头。近 20 年，我国公路建设实现了跨越式发展，走完了发达国家 40 年走过的路程。由于建设速度过快、设计周期短以及设计理念陈旧等原因，公路勘察设计暴露出一些问题。其中，处理好公路发展与环境相和谐、资源有效利用的关系，是公路建设者面临的重要课题。
       对于整个建设行业来说，提高施工人员的技术水平和专业技能，可以有效地提高产品质量和社会效益。对于施工人员来说，提高自身的专业素质，特别是一些高技术含量的操作水平，可以大大提升劳动生产效率、 降低劳动强度、加快工程进度、减少安全事故。因此，提高广大施工人员的专业技术水平，已成为当今建设行业的重中之重。本文主要是从公路工程设计入手，对于公路工程的全过程进行深入探讨，从而加深对于公路工程设计的研究，保证公路工程的质量，提高公路工程的施工质量。

Architecture is the main place for human beings to engage in various activities. Population increase, resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological damage are closely related to human construction activities. As a response to environmental problems, green building has become the mainstream and direction of World architecture research and development, and has been promoted in many developed countries. In China, the concept of green building began to be familiar to people, green building has attracted the attention of the Chinese government, which also indicates that China’s construction industry ushered in a new era of green building. Green building industry is very large, from the research and development and production of green building materials, the development and application of green building technology, the implementation of green building projects to the operation and management of a series of processes derived a large number of management problems. These management problems are not only brand-new but also urgent to be solved for the majority of project builders.
    Green building can save energy, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, protect water resources, improve the health of users, improve work efficiency, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and the construction cost of green buildings is basically equal to that of traditional buildings. Because of the above advantages, green building brings great benefits to companies, communities and individuals, and is a decisive solution to solve global climate change and energy dependence. Green building is to minimize the consumption of the earth’s resources, the optimal and efficient use of resources, to maximize the livable and comfortable living needs of human beings.

前 言

建筑是人类从事各种活动的主要场所。人口增加、资源匮乏、环境污染和生态破坏与人类的建筑活动密切相关。绿色建筑作为建筑界应对环境问题的回应已经成为世界建筑研究与发展的主流与方向，并在不少发达国家实践推广。在中国绿色建筑的概念开始为人们所熟悉、绿色建筑已经引起中国政府的高度重视，也预示着中国建筑行业迎来了崭新的绿色建筑时代。绿色建筑产业量非常庞大，从绿色建材的研发与生产、绿色建筑技术的开发应用、绿色建筑项目实施到运营管理等一系列过程中衍生出大量的管理问题。这些管理问题对广大的工程建设者来说，不仅是全新的也是迫切需要解决的。
       绿色建筑可以节约能源、减少二氧化碳排放、保护水资源、改善使用者的健康状况、提高工作效率、减少运营和维护成本， 并且与传统建筑的建造成本基本持平。由于具有以上优势，绿色建筑为公司、社区、个人带来了极大的利益，是解决全球气候变化和能源依赖的决定性解决方案。绿色建筑就是以最小消耗地球资源，最优高效使用资源，最大限度地满足人类宜居，达到舒适生存需求目的。

Planting industry is an important foundation of agriculture, grain, cotton and oil are important commodities related to national economy and people’s livelihood. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the rigid growth of consumption demand for grain and other major agricultural products, the increasing constraints of climate, arable land and water resources, and the increasing impact of changes in rural labor structure, the booming urban agriculture also puts forward new requirements for traditional agriculture. How to promote the sustainable and stable development of planting industry and realize the goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety” has become an important issue for agricultural workers to consider.
    Crop production is the core and foundation of agricultural production system. Crop products provide the most basic and necessary living materials for human survival, as well as feed for the development of animal husbandry and processing raw materials for industry. Understanding crop and its production process, and studying the theory and technology system of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, low consumption and environmental protection of crop are very important to improve the quantity and quality of crop products, increase the planting efficiency, protect the environment and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. Efficient crop production is of great significance to ensure food security and promote the development of national economy. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the subject of Agronomy from a macro perspective, aiming to give readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the origin of agriculture, the stage of agricultural development, agronomy and agricultural production technology, as well as some basic knowledge and theories related to crop planting. The author hopes that readers can get reference opinions through reading this book and contribute part of their strength to the development of agricultural construction of the motherland.

前 言

种植业是农业的重要基础，粮棉油是关系国计民生的重要商品。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，粮食等主要农产品消费需求刚性增长，气候、耕地和水资源约束日益增强，农村劳动力结构变化冲击增强，方兴未艾的都市农业也对传统农业提出了新的要求。如何促进种植业持续稳定发展，实现“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”目标成为农业工作者必须考虑的重要问题。
       作物生产是农业生产系统的核心和基础。作物产品为人类生存提供最基本、最必需的生活资料，同时还为畜牧业的发展提供饲料、为工业提供加工原料。了解作物及作物生产过程，研究作物高产、优质、高效、低耗、环保的理论与技术体系，对提高作物产品的数量和质量，提高种植效益，保护环境和实现农业持续发展至关重要。高效作物生产对保障我国粮食安全、推动国民经济发展具有重要意义。本书从宏观的角度全面系统地介绍了有关农学学科方面，旨在让读者从总体概貌上对农业的起源、农业发展阶段、农学及农业生产技术等有一个较为全面系统的认识和了解，并掌握一定的与作物种植方面相关的基本知识和基本理论。希望读者可以通过阅读本书获得参考性意见，为祖国的农业建设发展贡献自己的一部分力量。

Building decoration is the core part of the whole building. With the continuous improvement of people’s aesthetic concept, simple buildings have been difficult to meet the increasing spiritual and cultural needs. Therefore, as the center of the whole building, architectural decoration is not only related to people’s requirements, cultural literacy, appreciation level, knowledge structure, life experience, etc. At the same time, it is closely related to different use spaces. Because its decoration style acts on people’s mind, it causes different differences between different decorations. Therefor, each person has different thinking on the effect of the decoration environment of the building, and then brings influence to people’s spiritual world. With the development of society, the traditional security buildings no longer meet the needs of people, and the requirements for the architectural decoration of housing living space have become higher and higher. There are four requirements for decoration: first, comfort; second, safety; third, aesthetics; fourth, environmental protection. The quality control of building decoration engineering is an important part of construction control. Therefore, in order to improve the effect of decoration engineering, the reality is more complex in many processes, materials, machinery and personnel, and these important problems are faced by the current construction units. This book discusses in detail the quality control standards and requirements of each construction process of building decoration engineering, and provides the control standards for the quality management of decoration engineering.

前 言

建筑装饰是整个建筑物的核心部分，随着人们审美观的不断提升，简单的建筑已经很难满足日渐提升的精神文化需求。因此，建筑装饰作为整个建筑的重心，它不仅与人们的要求、文化素养、欣赏水平、知识结构、生活阅历等有很大关系。同时，还与不同的使用空间有密切联系。由于其装饰格调作用于人们的心灵，所以，引起不同的装饰之间产生不同的区别。因此，每个人对建筑物的装饰环境效果表现出不同的思维，进而给人们的精神世界带来影响。随着社会的发展，传统的保障建筑已经不再满足人们的需求，对于房屋居住空间的建筑装饰的要求变得已经越来越高。对于装修装饰的要求四点：一是舒适性；二是安全性；三是美观性；四是环保性。建筑装饰工程的质量控制是施工控制内重要的部分。所以，为了提高装饰工程效果，在很多工序、材料、机械以及人员方面现实比较复杂，而这些重要的问题是当前各施工单位所面临的。本书详细论述了建筑装饰工程各施工工序质量控制标准与要求，为装饰工程质量管理提供控制标准。

Due to the sustained development of the global economy, China’s industrialization and scientific level have been improved. Since the development of the 1940s, people’s travel requirements no longer just stay on the road, but pay more attention to the construction quality of multiple travel projects such as roads and bridges, so as to greatly
improve the convenience of people’s travel.
    For the current highway bridge construction process, its own level has been developed to a certain extent. Taking the overpass as an example, this paper analyzes its own construction foundation and development status. The construction technology of bridge rotation plays an important role. At the same time, the research on the trend of large-span and large tonnage of swivel bridges is gradually starting. But according to the current situation of our country, compared with developed countries, there is still a certain gap in the theory of rotary construction technology, and there is no more perfect normative document. Therefore, in order to promote the bridge construction in China to a better direction, it is necessary to understand the core content of the rotary construction technology from the theoretical point of view.
    Therefore, this book elaborates and analyzes the highway engineering and bridge construction from 13 chapters, and discusses the current construction technology, hoping to promote the development and progress of the road and Bridge cause in China.

前 言

由于全球经济的持续发展， 中国工业化及科学水平得到提升。 上世纪 40 年代发展至今，人们对于出行要求不单单停留在“有路走就行”，而更加注重公路、桥梁等多个出行工程的施工质量，进而大幅度提升人们出行的便捷性。

对于当前公路桥梁的建设过程而言，自身水平得到了一定程度的发展，为此以跨线桥为例，针对性分析其自身建设基础与发展现状。桥梁转体施工技术有着极为重要的作用，同时当前转体桥梁也逐渐开始向大跨度与大吨位的趋势研究。但根据我国当前的现状，针对转体施工技术的相关理论与发达国家还存在一定差距，也没有较为完善的规范性文件，所以为推动我国桥梁施工朝更好的方向迈进，必须从理论的角度了解转体施工技术需要具备的核心内容。
      因此，本书从十三章内容对公路工程与桥梁施工进行阐述与分析，对当前的施工技术进行谈论，希望能够促进我国路桥事业的发展与进步。