Children’s drama is an independent type of drama and has a long history in our country. It is a comprehensive stage art that takes children as its service objects, focuses on the performance of actors, and integrates multiple artistic methods such as literature, music, dance, and fine arts. It creates an artistic environment for children, which needs children to feel with audio-visual and heart. It enables children to be personally on the scene and obtain unique artistic enjoyment. Contemporary children’s drama has also been introduced into school education and become a unique form of children’s creative and autonomous learning.
       The comprehensive characteristics of children’s drama and stage art determine that children's drama performances are more in line with the professional requirements of preschool education students, which is of great help to improve students’ professional skills and comprehensive abilities. The preschool education major is a highly practical and comprehensive major. Students’ artistic skills mainly include vocal music, piano, dance, painting, handicraft, language arts, gymnastics and other abilities. Each of them is one of the core skills of kindergarten teachers’ specialization. In fact, children’s drama course is a kind of“whole person education”. In addition to developing children’s acting talent, it pays attention
to the development of children's intelligence, nature and temperament, and promotes the development of children in all aspects. For example, the most important thing is to tap children’s language ability and right brain development, stimulate children’s courage and cultivate children’s self-confidence, body language, etc. It can not only enhance children’s interest, but also enable children to obtain physical and mental pleasure and development, shape children’s healthy personality, and allow children to fully express themselves.

前 言

儿童戏剧是戏剧中一个独立的剧种，在我国已有较长的历史。它是一种以儿童为服务对象，以演员的表演为中心，综合了文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术等多种艺术手段的综合性舞台艺术。它为儿童创造了一个需要儿童用视听和心灵去感受的艺术环境，使儿童身临其境，获得独特的艺术享受。当代儿童戏剧也被引入学校教育中，成为儿童创造性、自主性学习的一种独特形式。
        儿童戏剧舞台艺术的综合性特征，决定了儿童剧表演更符合学前教育专业学生的专业要求，对提高学生的专业技能和综合能力大有帮助。学前教育专业是一个实用性和综合性很强的专业，学生的艺术技能主要包括声乐、钢琴、舞蹈、绘画、手工、语言艺术、体操等能力，它们都是幼儿园教师专业化的核心技能之一。儿童戏剧课程其实是一种“全人教育”，除了开发孩子的表演天赋外，注重孩子的智力开发、天性释放、气质等方面的开发，同时带动儿童各方面的发展，譬如最重要的是挖掘孩子的语言能力、右脑开发，激发孩子的勇气和培养孩子的自信心、肢体语言等。”既能提升孩子们的兴趣，又能使孩子得到身心的愉悦与发展，塑造孩子的健全人格，让孩子得到充分的自我表达。

With the rapid development of China’s social economy, power engineering construction is also gradually increasing, its importance is self-evident, in order to better adapt to the actual needs of power engineering construction, the requirements of power engineering construction quality is also higher and higher. The construction technology of electric power engineering is particularly important for the safety construction of electric power engineering. Therefore, we must pay more attention to the construction technology and management of electric power engineering, and formulate scientific and reasonable electric power construction scheme, so as to promote the effective improvement of the construction quality of electric power engineering. In the construction of power engineering, its construction technology directly affects the quality of power engineering construction, so it is particularly important to strengthen the management of power engineering construction technology. We must strive to improve the power engineering construction technology, strengthen the construction quality, and promote the power enterprises to achieve good development and progress in the fierce market competition.
        For power engineering, its construction technology and management is related to the construction quality and safety. Therefore, we must pay attention to the improvement of construction technology and strengthen management measures. In order to provide reference for construction management personnel in work, strengthen the construction of standardization system, strengthen management consciousness, establish perfect work standards and management standards, and standardize management, we need to establish process and rules and regulations with responsibility system as the core. We should take the process quality as the basis, take the quality inspection and evaluation standards and engineering construction specifications as the guidance, and achieve the excellent in civilized construction, construction quality, unit production level and process level, and realize the requirements of the unit to meet the requirements of production. Only by setting up the awareness of the whole staff, can the excellent products enter the market.

前 言

随着我国社会经济的飞速发展，电力工程建设也是逐渐增多，其重要性不言而喻， 为更好地适应电工程建设实际需求， 对电力工程建设质量的要求也是越来越高。电力工程的施工技术对电力工程安全建设尤为重要，所以，我们必须加强重视电力工程施工技术与管理，制定科学合理的电力施工方案，进而促使电力工程施工质量的有效提升。在电力工程的施工中，其施工技术直接影响到电力工程施工质量，所以加强对电工程施工技术的管理尤为重要。我们必须努力提电力工程施工技术，强化施工质量，促进电力企业在激烈的市场竞争中实现良好地发展及进步。
      对于电力工程来讲，其施工技术及管理关系到施工质量及安全。因此，我们必须重视对其施工技术的提升，加强管理措施。为给施工管理人员在工作上提供参考及借鉴，加强标准化体系建设，强化管理意识、建立完善的工作标准和管理标准，规范管理，建立责任制为核心的工序及规章制度。以工艺质量为本，以质量验评标准和工程施工规范为指导，在文明施工、施工质量、机组投产水平、工艺水平方面达到优秀，实现机组达标投产的要求。唯有树立全员精品意识，才能精品闯市场。

Construction technology management mainly uses management function and scientific methods to promote the development of technical work. The construction process is in strict accordance with national policies and laws and regulations and a good technical order is set up in order to achieve the full completion of construction tasks with high quality. Therefore, technology and economy, speed of progress and quality are harmoniously unified. Technology management is to use advanced and reasonable method of construction to transform scientific technology into productivity so as to guarantee the construction quality fundamentally. It also benefit the education and cultivation of new technology, new methods and construction personnel, which continuously improve the construction technical quality and benefit the maximization of construction scheme and resources. Therefore, production efficiency is improved and cost is reduced and then promote the improvement of production technology level.
     The construction technology management of bridge engineering is the important content of bridge engineering management, which affects the implementation of engineering technical specifications and technical standards and the quality of the project. Based on the introduction of the construction technology management of bridge engineering, the paper puts forward the implementing of the relevant specifications, standards and systems of bridge engineering construction technology, establishing construction technology management organization, collecting and sorting out construction technical data, implementing construction management system and other measures to improve the construction technology management level. Taking the construction of bored pile, the fabrication and installation of beam and slab, and the deck pavement as an example, their technical managements are analyzed. The practice shows that taking effective construction technology management measures is helpful to realize the quality and benefit of bridge engineering.

前 言

施工技术管理工作主要是运用管理职能和科学的方法，去促进技术工作的开展，在施工过程中严格按照国家政策和法律法规，建立良好的技术秩序，以达到高质量的全面完成施工任务，从而使技术与经济、 进度与质量和谐统一。技术管理是采用先进合理的施工坊法将科学技术转化成生产力，从根本上保证施工质量，有利于新技术、新方法和施工人员的教育培养，不断提高施工技术素质，有利于施工方案和资源的最大化配置，以提高生产效率、降低成本，从而促使生产技术水平再提高。
        桥梁工程施工技术管理工作属于桥梁工程管理的重要内容，影响着工程技术规范及技术标准落实及工程质量。在概述桥梁工程施工技术管理的基础上，提出贯彻执行桥梁工程施工技术相关规范、标准及制度，成立施工技术管理机构，收集与整理施工技术资料，落实施工管理制度等措施，提高施工技术管理水平。并以钻孔灌注桩施工、梁板制作及安装、桥面铺装为例，对其技术管理工作进行分析。实践证明，采取有效的施工技术管理措施，有助于实现桥梁工程质量及效益。

With the progress and development of social economy, China’s road and bridge in order to meet the requirements of transportation and other aspects, also carried out large-scale construction of basic bridge work. A variety of bridges not only cross the river, strait and other obstacles, bring convenience for human travel, but also ease the traffic tension in big cities, and become a beautiful landmark of the city. At present, roads and bridges include stone arch bridge, reinforced concrete box girder arch bridge and so on, from Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, which was built in 1957, to Shanghai Nanpu Bridge, which was built in 1990s, to Qingdao Bay Bridge, which was built in June 2011. The construction of roads and bridges in China has made remarkable achievements and international recognition. It is because of the progress and innovation of construction technology and technology that the situation of high quality and high technology of road and bridge appears.
       At present, roads and bridges play a more and more important role in traffic, and there are a large number of roads and bridges in our country, so we must ensure the quality of roads and bridges, otherwise, once an accident occurs, it will seriously damage the safety of people’s lives and property, and then affect the social and economic stability, but also related to the survival of construction enterprises. In the process of road and bridge quality management, the quality of the construction stage is an important stage to ensure the construction of the whole bridge project, which determines the stability and quality of the final bridge buildings. Road and bridge construction enterprises can undertake the construction of road and bridge only if they have a high level of management and technology. In the process of ensuring the construction quality, there are many details that need to be dealt with and paid attention to, because the project construction is a more cumbersome and periodic construction process, many problems will lead to quality problems of bridge engineering, such as material problems, construction design problems, technical level problems of construction personnel, construction process problems and mechanical loss problems in construction. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the current situation of quality problems and strengthen the quality management in the construction process, so as to ensure the quality of roads and bridges and realize the value of the project.

前 言

随着社会经济的进步与发展，我国的道路桥梁为了满足运输等多方面的要求也开展了大规模基础桥梁工作建设。多种多样的桥梁不仅跨越了河流、海峡等障碍，为人类的出行带来了便利，还缓解了大城市交通紧张的问题，并成为一座城市靓丽的标志性建筑。目前，道路桥梁包括石拱桥、钢筋混凝土箱梁拱桥等，由 1957 年建成的大跨度桥梁武汉长江大桥，到 20 世纪 90 年代建成的上海南浦大桥，再到青岛海湾大桥， 再到 2011 年 6 月建成的通车最长的海湾大桥， 我国的路桥建设取得了骄人的成就和国际的认可。正是由于施工工艺和技术的进步和创新，才呈现出现如今道路桥梁高质量、高技术的局面。
       由于目前道路桥梁承担着越来越重的交通作用，并且我国的道路桥梁数量庞大，必须确保道路桥梁的质量，否则，一旦发生意外便会严重损害到人民的生命和财产安全，进而对社会经济稳定造成影响，同时也关乎施工企业的生死存亡。在道路桥梁质量管理过程中，施工阶段的品质是保证整个桥梁项目建设的重要阶段，决定了最终桥梁建筑物的稳定性和质量。道路桥梁施工企业只有具备较高的管理水平和科技水平，才能承担道路桥梁的施工。在保证施工质量的过程中，需要处理和关注的细节问题很多，因为项目施工是比较繁琐和周期性的建设过程，很多问题都会导致桥梁工程出现质量问题，例如材料问题、施工设计问题、施工人员的技术水平问题、施工工序问题及施工中机械的损耗问题等，所以需要总结发现质量问题的现状，加强施工过程中的质量管理工作，从而保证道路桥梁的品质，实现工程项目的价值。

With the rapid improvement of China’s economic level, the major cities are also developing. As an important part of urban construction, urban road is the traffic context of the whole city and the basis of urban life and social development. It plays an important role in improving the traffic environment of the whole city. Urban road construction has the characteristics of large amount of investment, wide coverage and strong driving effect. It is closely related to the production and life of the general public and plays an important role in promoting the development of various social undertakings.
        With the continuous scale of road and bridge engineering projects, the quality management and control requirements in the process of road and bridge engineering construction and completion are also constantly improving, which is directly related to the economic and social benefits of engineering projects, and directly related to the overall operation of urban traffic. Road and bridge engineering construction includes many construction projects, each link of which affects the quality of the project. To strengthen the quality management, we must start from each link and promote the overall quality of the project with the link quality management; All parties involved in the construction and operation of the project, the competent department of the construction project, the construction, design, construction, supervision and operation and maintenance units and others need to clarify and implement their respective quality responsibilities. We should strengthen the design and construction management, make the design standard and reasonable, complete the construction process in strict accordance with the design requirements, strengthen the scientific supervision of the supervision unit, make the construction project scientific decision-making, careful design, careful construction, careful maintenance, and jointly improve the construction and maintenance quality of urban road engineering.

前 言

随着我国经济水平的飞速提升，各大城市也在不断发展，城市道路作为城市建设的一个重要部分，是整个城市的交通脉络，是城市生活和社会发展的基础，它对改善整个城市的交通环境起到了非常关键的作用。城市道路建设具有投资额大、涉及面广、带动作用强等特点，与广大市民的生产和生活密切相关，对社会各项事业的发展具有重要的促进作用，受到人们的重点关注。
       随着道路桥梁工程项目的不断规模化，在道路桥梁工程建设和建成投入使用过程中的质量管理与控制要求也在不断提高，它直接关系到工程项目的经济效益与社会效益，直接关系到城市交通的整体运行情况。道路桥梁工程建设包括众多建设项目，其每个环节都影响着工程质量。加强质量管理必须从各个环节出发，以环节质量的管理促进工程整体质量的提升；参与工程建设和运行的各方，建设项目的主管部门，建设、设计、施工、监理和运行养护单位等，需要明确并落实各自的质量责任，加强设计施工管理，做到设计规范、合理，施工工序严格按照设计要求完成，加强监理单位的科学监理，使建设项目科学决策、精心设计、精心施工、精心养护，共同提高城镇道路工程的建设和养护质量。