In the process of social development, more and more attention has been paid to hydrogeology and geotechnical engineering. This is mainly because the geological and geotechnical engineering technology of hydraulic engineering is of great significance to geotechnical engineering construction. In the process of geotechnical construction, the relationship between geotechnical engineering and geotechnical engineering must be well handled to ensure the sustainable development of geotechnical engineering environment and economic benefits. At the same time, the study of the engineering geological structure of urban geotechnical foundation is not only of important guiding significance for the rational planning and layout of the city, the selection of foundation scheme and foundation type, but also conducive to the comprehensive demonstration of engineering geological conditions and engineering geological problems. It is one of the main contents of engineering geology research on urban geotechnical foundation.

The higher the building, the higher the quality of the foundation. In order to ensure the quality of building foundation and save the cost of engineering, the industry usually adopts appropriate foundation treatment technology to improve the natural foundation, so as to optimize the strength of foundation and ensure the stability and safety performance of foundation. Only by ensuring the quality of the foundation of the construction project can the overall construction quality be guaranteed. In order to ensure the quality of geotechnical engineering, extend the service life of buildings, strengthen the level of geotechnical engineering foundation treatment technology and increase the scientific and technological investment in foundation treatment, it is necessary to take effective treatment measures. Based on the author's work experience for many years, this book describes geotechnical engineering and foundation in detail, hoping to play a theoretical guiding role in the future work practice.

前 言

在社会不断发展过程中，对于水工环地质与岩土工程的关注越来越多，这主要是由于水工环地质与岩土工程技术对岩土工程建设意义重大，在进行岩土建设时，必须处理好水工环地质与岩土工程的关系，以保证岩土工程环境和经济效益的可持续发展。与此同时，研究城市岩土地基工程地质结构，对于城市合理规划与布局，选择基础方案和基础类型有重要指导意义，也有利于全面论证工程地质条件及工程地质问题，是城市岩土地基工程地质研究的主要内容之一。

建筑越高对地基的质量的要求越高，为了保证建筑地基的质量和节省工程的成本，行业内通常会采用合适的地基处理技术、对天然地基进行改良，以提高地基强度，保证地基的稳定性和安全性能。只有保证建筑工程的地基的质量，才能保证整体的建筑质量。要想保证岩土工程的质量，延长建筑物的使用寿命，加强岩土工程地基处理技术的水平，加大地基处理的科技投入，采取有效的处理措施是非常有必要的。本书结合编著者多年来的工作经验，对岩土工程以及地基基础进行详细阐述，以期对今后的工作实践能起到理论指导作用，望广大读者品评与指正。

In the network society, information resources are the basic elements of productivity. As a strategic resource, information resources play an important role in economic construction and social development. The library is one of the main distribution centers for information resources and an important part of the information industry. It should adapt to the impact of new technology applications and changes in social information needs, and develop information resources in depth. By reorganizing and collating information resources to provide high-level, high-quality, high-intelligence and diversified information products, libraries should become the resources needed by specific users to meet the diversified and multi-level needs of information resources for social development. This has been the responsibility of contemporary library managers.

Information is the main strategic resource and valuable asset of the network society. In the fierce international competition, information resources have become the focus of competition among countries, and it is the embodiment of international competitive advantage. The development and construction of information resources has become an important driving force for social and economic development. Compared with developed countries, China's information resource development and utilization level is still very low, about 2~3 orders of magnitude lower. Compared with the actual needs of Chinese users, there are still many gaps and problems to be solved.

前 言

在网络社会中，信息资源是生产力的基本要素，信息资源作为一种战略性资源，在经济建设与社会发展中起到举足轻重的作用。图书馆是信息资源的主要集散地之一，是信息产业的重要组成部分。如何适应新技术应用及社会信息需求变化带来的影响，深层次的开发信息资源，通过对信息资源的重组、整理，提供高水平、高质量、高智能含量并且多元化的信息产品，使之成为特定用户需要的资源，以满足各个阶段、各个层次、众多领域社会发展对信息资源多元化、多层次需求，已经当代图书馆管理人员责无旁贷的使命。

信息是网络社会的主要战略资源和宝贵财富，在激烈的国际竞争中，信息资源成为各国争夺的重点，是国际竞争优势的体现。信息资源开发与建设已经成为社会经济发展的重要推动力。我国的信息资源开发与利用水平与发达国家相比还很低，约低2～3个数量级；与我国用户需求的实际需要相比，还有很多差距，存在诸多亟待解决问题。

Water resources are an important material basis for maintaining human survival and promoting social development. The development and utilization of water resources is an aspect of transforming and utilizing nature. With the rapid development of China's economy, water shortages and water pollution have become increasingly serious. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the rational development and sustainable use of water resources. At the same time, the development of economy and science and technology also makes the water conservancy enterprise in the lifeblood of the national economy and the position of the basic industry more prominent. The improvement of water conservancy construction is of great significance to further promote the development and utilization of hydropower, protect the ecological environment and promote China's economic development.

This book first introduces the status quo and problems of water resources development and water conservancy project construction. The next six chapters are the foundation for water resources development, water resources development and utilization, water resources development and utilization projects, water conservancy projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects, and construction management of engineering projects. They elaborate the theory, technology and construction of water resources development.

As the book contains more content, involves more cumbersome knowledge, and has more compilers, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be inconsistent; and the fallacies are inevitable. Readers are invited to criticize and correct. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前 言

水资源是维持人类生存和促进社会发展的重要物质基础，水资源开发利用，是改造自然、利用自然的一个方面，随着我国经济的快速发展，水资源短缺以及水资源污染现象日益严重，因此，加强对水资源的合理开发以及可持续利用显得尤为重要。与此同时，经济与科学技术的发展，也使水利事业在国民经济中的命脉和基础产业地位愈加突出；水利工程建设水平的提高更是进一步促进水能水电的开发利用，保护生态环境，促进我国经济发展具有举足轻重的重大意义。

本书开篇对水资源开发与水利工程建设的现状与问题进行概述，后又分为水资源开发基础、水资源开发利用、水资源开发利用工程、水利工程建设、水利水电工程建设与工程项目的施工管理六章分别对水资源开发的理论、技术与水利工程施工建设进行详细阐述。

由于本书包罗内容较宽泛，涉及知识较烦琐，编写人员较多，各章节内容的格式、广度和深度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请读者批评指正。

Hydrogeology refers to the changes and movements of groundwater in nature. Hydrogeology is the science of studying groundwater. It is a branch of geology, which mainly studies the distribution and formation of groundwater, the physical properties and chemical composition of groundwater, groundwater resources and their rational utilization, the adverse effects of groundwater on engineering construction and mining and their prevention and control. With the development of science and the needs of production and construction, hydrogeology is divided into regional hydrogeology, groundwater dynamics, hydro geochemistry, water supply hydrogeology, mine hydrgeology, soil improvement hydrogeology and other sub-disciplines.

Rational development and utilization of water resources is the embodiment of the concept of sustainable development in water resources. While taking into account social economy and environmental protection, water resources are effectively exploited. In addition, this activity can be continued.

This book was divided into 12 chapters to analyze and elaborate hydrogeology and water resources development. We hope it will help some of the relevant staff.

前言

水文地质，指自然界中地下水的各种变化和运动的现象。水文地质学是研究地下水的科学，它是地质学的一个分支学科，主要是研究地下水的分布和形成规律，地下水的物理性质和化学成分，地下水资源及其合理利用，地下水对工程建设和矿山开采的不利影响及其防治等。随着科学的发展和生产建设的需要，水文地质学又分为区域水文地质学、地下水动力学、水文地球化学、供水水文地质学、矿床水文地质学、土壤改良水文地质学等分支学科。近年来，水文地质学与地热、地震、环境地质等方面的研究相互渗透，又形成了若干新领域。

水资源合理开发利用是人类可持续发展概念在水资源问题上的体现。是指在兼顾社会经济需水要求和环境保护的同时，充分有效地开发利用水资源，并能使这种活动得以持续进行。

本书分十二章内容对水文地质与水资源开发进行相应的分析与阐述，希望能够帮助一些相关工作人员。

As the most critical part of the whole process of engineering construction projects, water conservancy project design determines the key to the success of the project. The core of water conservancy project design quality management is to establish a set of systematic project management system, so that the design unit can solve the problems existing in project design stage between the owner, the government construction related departments and other relevant units or institutions involved in the project construction. In the design of water conservancy projects, only the combination of professional design and project cost preparation can ensure that the designed project results are scientific, reasonable and economically feasible. With the rapid development of the social economy, China's water conservancy industry has made great progress. The quality of water conservancy projects directly affects the normal life of the surrounding residents. The concrete construction of water conservancy projects needs to be carried out according to the engineering design. Therefore, the scientific design will inevitably affect the quality of the project, so the construction personnel must constantly improve the design of water conservancy projects to further control the occurrence of safety hazards. The book mainly analyzes the necessity of improving the current water conservancy project design, and proposes corresponding improvement measures according to the existing deficiencies, hoping to provide relevant reference to relevant people.

Any project needs to go through the design stage before construction to provide a reference for the construction of the project, as well as in water conservancy projects. Before the construction, the design unit will go to the construction site to conduct detailed investigation and understanding of the geological and hydrological conditions, climatic conditions and the surrounding environment, and then make a design plan based on the actual points of the project. In the design process, for which problems need to be paid attention to in the construction process, the process arrangement of each construction stage, the construction progress of the project, and various cost and expenditure will be clearly marked. If the actual construction estimation is insufficient at a certain stage, it will affect the quality of the construction, and then there will be changes in the cost and expenditure, which will seriously affect the smooth progress of the construction.

前 言

水利工程设计作为工程建设项目整个过程中最为关键的环节，决定着项目工程的实施成败的关键。水利工程设计质量管理的核心是通过建立一整套的系统化项目管理制度，以利于设计单位在业主、政府建设相关的主管部门及其他参与项目建设的相关单位或机构之间解决项目在设计阶段中存在的问题。在水利工程项目设计中，只有各专业设计与项目造价编制有机的结合，才能确保设计出来的项目成果科学合理、经济可行。伴随着社会经济的快速发展，我国水利事业得到很大进步。水利工程建设的好坏直接影响到周边居民的正常生活。具体的水利工程施工需要根据工程设计来进行，所以，设计的科学与否必然会影响到工程的质量，所以施工人员必须不断完善水利工程设计，进一步控制安全隐患的发生。本书主要通过对当前完善水利工程设计的必要性进行分析，并根据其中存在的不足提出相应的完善措施，希望能够给相关人士提供一定的借鉴性。

任何一项工程在施工之前都需要经过设计阶段，为工程的施工提供参考依据，在水利工程中同样如此。在施工之前，设计单位会到施工现场，对地质水文状况，气候条件以及周围环境等进行详细的调查了解，然后结合工程的实际点，作出设计方案。在设计的过程中，对于在哪个施工环节需要注意哪些问题，各个施工阶段的工序安排，工程的施工进度，以及各项成本支出都会作出明确的标示。如果在某一阶段对实际施工估算不足，就会影响到施工的质量，进而在成本支出方面出现变动，严重影响到施工的顺利进行。